for histopathological
and cytological
examination?
Pathology Department
Faculty of Medicine Udayana University
Histopathological
examination
Purposes of histopathological
exam.
Tissue identification
Diagnosis
Determining safety margin of surgery
Patient monitoring and follow-up
Refer patient for further therapy
lab is near
Frozen section
Fixative solution
Formalin 10 % / formaldehyde 4 %
Formalin Saline
Formalin 70-80%
Zenker sol
Bouin sol
Neutral Buffer (> ideal)
Alcohol
Purposes of fixation
To avoid autolysis
To maintain tissue integrity and
arrangement
Soft and fluidy tissue harder
(easier to process)
To distinguish varying structure with
certain substance
Fixation quality of
preparation
Delayed fixation
Avoid.
Autolysis
Physical or chemical damage
Drying process cover with gaas +
physiologic solution
Cytological examination
Purposes
To diagnose certain pathological
process, the most important is :
early diagnosis
To determine inflammatory process
and, if possible, it causes
Other : to monitor hormonal effect in
female genitalia, to determine sex
chromatin
Various kind of
specimens
Pap Smear
Purposes
To diagnose cervical pra cancer early
detection
Follow-up cervical cancer
Accuracy : 88-98 %
Pap Smear
Pap Smear
Pap Smear
Interpretation
Papanicolaou classification
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Sputum cytology
Purposes
Sputum
Without
fixation
With fixation
Without fixation
Smear fix in
alc 95% min 30`
Send
With fixation
Saccomano technique
2
Smear
alc.95% min 30`
send
Urine cytology
Purposes
To determine inflammatory process
To determine urinary stone
To determine tumor
Urine..
Specimen
100-200 cc + fixative sol alc 50% a. a.
send
Rectal swab
To determine malignancy
Method:
Purposes
To determine malignancy
To determine inflammatory process and
other pathologic process
Special technique SS