MEMORY

Memory
Memory
consist
of
electronic
components that store instructions
waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those
instructions, and the results of
processed data ( information).
Memory usually consist of one or
more chips on the motherboard.

MEMORY
Memory
Stores 3 basic categories of
items:
1. The operations
2. Application programs
3. The data being processed
by the application programs
and resulting information.

MEMORY
Memory sizes
Its the number of bytes the chip or
devices has available for storage.
Term

Abb.

Approximate no. of
byte

Exact no. of
byte

Kilobyte

KB or K

1000

1,024

Megabyte

MB

1Million

1,048,576

Gigabyte

GB

1Billion

1,073,741, 824

Terabyte

TB

1 Trillion

1,099,511,627,776

Type of Memory
Type of Memory
The system unit contains two types of memory:
1. Volatile memory Loses its contents .
Temporary memory.
Example, RAM.
2. Nonvolatile memory doesn't lose its content when power is
removed from the computer.
Permanent memory.
Example, ROM, Flash memory, and
CMOS.

RAM (Main Memory)

RAM ( Random Access Memory ), Also Called
main memory.
consists of memory chips that can be read
from and written to by the processor and
other devices.
The content may changed.
Saving is a process of copying items from RAM
to a storage device such as a hard disk.

RAM
RAM ( Random Access Memory )
RAM chips usually reside on a memory
module, which is a small circuit board.
Memory slots on the motherboard hold
memory modules.

ROM
ROM ( Read Only Memory)
The data on most ROM chips cannot be
modified.
Manufacture of ROM chips often record
data, instructions, or information on the
chip when they manufacture the chip.
Computers almost always contain a small
amount of read-only memory that holds
instructions for starting up the computer.

TYPES of ROM
Types of ROM:

PROM (programmable read-only memory): A PROM is

a memory chip on which you can store a program. But
once the PROM has been used, you cannot wipe it
clean and use it to store something else. Like ROMs,
PROMs are non-volatile.

EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory):

An EPROM is a special type of PROM that can be
erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light.

EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable readonly memory): An EEPROM is a special type of PROM
that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical
charge.

Memory Access Time

Memory Access Time
It is the amount of time takes the processor
to read data, instructions, information from
memory.
Its affects how fast the computer process
data.
Access time on memory can be more than
200,000 times faster than accessing data on
a hard disk because the mechanical motion
of it.

Memory Access Time Units

Memory Access Time
Term

Abb.

Speed

Millisecond

ms

One-thousandth of a second

Microsecond

One-millionth of a second

Nanosecond

ns

One-billion of a second

Picosecond

ps

One-trillionth of a second

Expansion Slot and Adapter Cards

Expansion Slot and Adapter Cards

Expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard

that can hold an adapter card

Adapter card sometimes called an expansion

card
is a circuit board that enhances functions of a
component of the system unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals.
Peripheral is a device that connects to a system
unit and is controlled by the processor. Ex:
keyboard, printer.

Expansion Slot and Adapter Cards

Types of adapter cards
Adapter
Card
Graphics
accelerator
Modem
Network
Sound
Video

Purpose
Increases the speed at which
graphics are displayed
Connect other computers through
telephone or cable TV line
Connects other computers and
peripherals
Connects speakers or microphone
Connects a monitor

Ports and Connectors

Port is the point at which a peripheral
attaches to or communicates with a
system unit so the peripheral can send
data to or receive information from the
computer.
the term jack sometimes is used to
identify audio and video ports.

Port have a different types of connectors,

A connectors joins a cable to a peripheral.

Ports and Connectors

Serial Ports is a type of interface that
connects a device to the system unit by
transmitting data one bit at a time.

Ports and Connectors

Parallel Ports is an interface that
connects a device by transferring
more than one bit at a time.
The printers using a parallel port.

Ports and Connectors

USB Ports, Short for universal serial bus
port.
Can connect up to 127 different
peripherals together with a single
connector.
USB hub is a device that plugs in a USB
port on the system & contains multiple
USB ports.

Ports and Connectors

FireWire Ports Previously called an IEEE 1394
port.
It is similar to a USB port in that it can
connect multiple type of device that require
faster data transmission speeds to a single
connector, such as digital video camera, color
printers, scanners, .. etc.
Allow you to connect up to 63 devices
together.
You can use a FireWire hub to attach multiple
devices to a single FireWire port.
USB and FireWire are replacing all other types
of port.

Ports and Connectors

Special-Purpose Ports
These ports are not included in
typical computers.
MIDI Port
SCSI Port
IrDA Port
Bluetooth Port

Ports and Connectors

MIDI Port, short for musical instrument
digital interface.
Serial port
Connect the system unit to keyboard.
SCSI Port
A special high-speed parallel port.
Allow you to attach SCSI peripherals
such as disk driver and printers.

Ports and Connectors

Ports and Connectors

BUSES
a set of electronic signal pathways that allows
information and signals to travel between
components inside or outside of a
computer.
Buses transfer bits
from input devices to memory.
from the processor to memory, and from
memory to the processor.
from memory to output devices.

Power Supply

Power Supply
Is a component of the system unit that
supply computer with power.

THE END

By: Mam