CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Department of ECE

Technical Seminar on RFID TECHNOLOGY

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
INCHARGE:
MR.P.RAVEENDRA BABU
(Associate Professor)

PRESENTATION BY:
ABHINAV KUMAR
(12H51A0460)

What is RFID?
Radio-Frequency Identification is an automatic identification
method ,relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices
called RFID tags or transponders.
RFID is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic
coupling in the radio frequency portion of the EM spectrum to uniquely
identify an object, animal, or person.
An alternative to bar code.

RFID History

Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman.

Initial application was during World War II- The United Kingdom used
RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes from incoming
German ones. RADAR was only able to signal the presence of a plane, not
the kind of plane it was..
Came into commercial use only in 1990s.

Working principle of RFID

Technology

The antenna enables the chip (data storage) to transmit its identification
information to a reader. The reader converts the radio waves returned from
the RFID tags into digital information and passes it to the computer.

RFID Components
An RFID system consists of three components:
An antenna and transceiver (often combines into one Reader).
And a transponder(the tag).
An application.

Reader: A transmitter/receiver reads the contents of RFID Tags in the RFID

interrogator. The maximum distance between the Readers antenna and the
Tag vary, depending on application.
Tag: An electronic identification device that is made up of a chip and
antenna. For reusable application , it is typically embedded in a plastic
housing, and for tracking shipments. An RFID Tag is an object that can be
applied into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification
and tracking using radio waves.
Host computer: Stores the data into database and view real time
presentation of an asset with an history.

RFID Readers
A readers is basically a RF transmitter and receiver, controlled by a
microprocessor or a digital signal processor.
The reader, using an attached antenna , captures data from tags, then passes
the data to a computer for processing.

Antenna

The antenna uses RF waves to transmit a signal that activates the

transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back to the antenna.
The data is used to notify a programmable logic controller that an action
should occur.

RFID Tags
RFID tag is a microchip combined with an antenna in a compact package.
When attached to an object, object will be traced by the Reader. Tags
Antenna picks up signals from Reader and then returns the signal with
some additional data like unique serial number of other customized
information

Internal

Types of Tags
Active Tags

Powered by battery.
Better identification range.
Larger in size and expensive.
High read range (300 feet).

Semi-Active Tags
Uses battery to power microchip but not to communicate with reader.
These tags are used for long range.
Only activates when it is under frequency of reader.

Passive tags
Operate using the power of reader
Small and inexpensive
Shorter read range (4inch-15feet)

Tags Specification
Memory

size(16 bits-512kbytes).
Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM.
Type: EEPROM.

Frequency

125KHz-5.8GHz.

Physical dimension

Thumbnail to brick size.

Read Range

4 inches to 300 ft.

Frequencies of Operation
Low frequency
30-300kHz
Tags need to be closer to the reader
Poor discrimination
High frequency/radio frequency
3MHz-30 MHz
Tags can be read from relatively greater distances
Tags can hold more information
Ultra high frequency/microwave
>300 MHz
Longest range
More interference

Why RFID?

No need for physical contact between data carrier and the communication
device.
Tags can be used repeatedly.
Tags can last up to 20 years.
Works in harsh environments, withstand extreme temperatures.
Low maintenance costs.
Non line of sight communication makes it possible to read and write tags
in dirty conditions.
Can be read through the human body, clothing and non-metallic materials.

APPLICATIONS
IT Asset Tracking
Institutions with large IT assets with numerous data centers.
Race Timing.
Transportation Payments.
Animals tracking tags can be inserted beneath the skin ,can be rice shaped.
Tags can be screw shaped to identify tree or wooden items.
Credit card shaped tags for use in access application.

PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS

TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

Easy to jam
Disastrous in case of hospitals and military
RFID Reader Collisions
One tag many readers
RFID Tag Collision
One Reader many tags