Sustainable Architecture

LECTURE -04
VENTILATION FOR PASSIVE COOLING OF BUILDING
GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN, SONIPAT HARYANA

Ventilation in warm and humid climate

Techniques for Passive Cooling
Lecture -04 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

VENTILATION FOR PASSIVE COOLING OF BUILDINGS

Air flow in a building is either due to the pressure differences , caused by
temperature differences [stack effect] or due to pressure differences of the wind .
Window play a dominant role in inducing indoor ventilation due to wind forces .
The various parameters that affect the ventilation are:
Climate
Area of fenestration/location
Wind direction
Volume of the room
Shading devices
Wire meshes/fly screens
Internal partitions
1.STACK EFFECT
Stack ventilation , the principle of which depends upon the buoyancy of the warmer
air causing the air to rise and leave the building from a higher outlet.
This way the heavier cooler air is replaced via a lower inlet.
Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture
STACK EFFECT
Stack ventilation , the principle of which depends upon the buoyancy of the
warmer air causing the air to rise and leave the building from a higher outlet.
This way the heavier cooler air is replaced via a lower inlet.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

2.VENTILATION DUE TO WIND FORCES

When wind strikes a building ,a region of higher pressure is created across the
building in the direction of the incident wind[windward wall] .
The sides ,leeward wall and roof are all subjected to reduced pressure .
Therefore , a pressure gradient is created in the direction of the incident wind.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

3.ROOM WITH WINDOWS ON ONE WALL ONLY

The available wind velocity in a room with a single window on the windward
side is about 10% of the outdoor velocity at point up to a distance one sixth of the
room width from the window.

4.EFFECT OF ORIENTATION ON VENTILATION

The orientation of a window with respect to the most probable wind direction has
considerable effect on the internal wind speed.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

5.OUTDOOR WIND MANAGMENT

Local topography and surface texture can greatly affect the wind conditions for
any building.
Obstruction such as vegetation can greatly reduce wind speed , whereas the
land relief can enhance or diminish the wind speed.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

6.EFFECT OF LOUVERS VERANDAH AND FLY SCREEN

Various construction elements such as louvers ,a veranda before the windows ,
subdivision of the internal , space and the presence of fly screens effect the air
movement inside .
7.TREES AS WIND DEFLECTORS
It may not be always be possible to locate the openings in the windward direction
due to reasons like the site restriction solar radiation , privacy etc.
To some extent the limitation can be overcome by designing suitable wind
deflectors.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

8.WIND TOWER
The hot ambient air enters the tower through the openings in the tower and is cooled
,when it come in contact with the cool tower and thus becomes heavier and sinks
down.
When an inlet is provided to the rooms with an outlet on the other side, there is a
draft of cool air.
After a whole day of heat exchange , the wind tower become warm in the evening.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

9.COURTYARD EFFECT
Due to the incident solar in the courtyard , the air in the courtyard becomes warmer
and rises up. To replace it , cool air from the ground level flows through the
louvered openings of the room , thus producing the airflow.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

10.AIR VENT
A typical vent is a hole cut in the apex of a domed or cylindrical roof. Openings in
the protective cap over the vent direct wind across it .
When air flow over a curved surface , its velocity increases resulting in lowering of
the pressure at the apex of the curved roof , thereby ,inducing the hot air under the
roof to flow out through the vent.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture

11.SOLAR CHIMNEY
A solar chimney utilises the stack effect , as already described but
here the air is deliberately heated by solar radiation in order to
create an exhausting effect .
The use of solar chimney is advisable for regions ,where very low
wind speeds exist.

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini

Sustainable Architecture
Reference PRATICAL HAND BOOK ON ENERGY CONSERVATION
IN BUILDING

Lecture -01 Sustainable Architecture B.Arch.

G.C.A.D.

Asst. Prof. Lenin Sachdeva

Asst. Prof. Parul Saini