COMPUTING WITH

QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR
AUTOMATA
-By:
Bongu Sai Swetha
Subhashini Ramesh
Rohan Patel
Kushal Reddy

OUTLINE:

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Introduction
The CAD tool: QCADesigner
The QCA cell
Ground state Computing
Clocking
Input/Output Interfacing
QCA Logic

4.8 : Fixed Polarization Cells

4.9 : Wire Crossing
4.10 : QCADesigner: Simulation engines
4.11 : Example Circuit Designs
4.12 : QCA Fabrication
4.13: Conclusions

4.1 INTRODUCTION:

Cellular Automata: A dynamic system whose behavior is completely

specified in terms of local interactions with adjacent cells.
Quantum dots: Semiconductor devices that tightly confine electrons or holes
in all three spatial dimensions.
QCA encodes information in the electronic configuration of coupled quantum
dots.
Advantages of QCA:
High device density
High operating speed
Low power dissipation
A major feature of the technology is that the logic state of cell is determined
by the position of extra charge in a fixed location of the substrate or
molecule, rather than by the flow of charge in and out of the cell
C. S . Lent, published the first work on computing at nanoscale that is based
on cellular automata, which he called Quantum Dot Cellular Automata(QCA).

OUTLINE:

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Introduction
The CAD tool: QCADesigner
The QCA cell
Ground state Computing
Clocking
Input/Output Interfacing
QCA Logic

4.8 : Fixed Polarization Cells

4.9 : Wire Crossing
4.10 : QCADesigner: Simulation engines
4.11 : Example Circuit Designs
4.12 : QCA Fabrication
4.13: Conclusions

4.2 THE CAD TOOL: QCA DESIGNER

QCA Computing involves the interaction of many QCA cells, each

constructed from a square pattern arrangement of four quantum dots

4.2.1 POLARISATION OF A CELL:

where , i is the charge
density at dot i
An unpolarised cell is said to be in a NULL state and the influence of
such a cell does break the energy degeneracy in the neighboring cells.
Maintaining a stable NULL state in four-dot cells is a difficult challenge
In order to overcome the challenges associated with coherent NULL
states, recent proposals have included two additional sites that
introduce a third low-lying electronic configuration with no net cell
polarization
;

4.2.2 CELL-CELL RESPONSE FUNCTION:

OUTLINE:

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Introduction
The CAD tool: QCADesigner
The QCA cell
Ground state Computing
Clocking
Input/Output Interfacing
QCA Logic

4.8 : Fixed Polarization Cells

4.9 : Wire Crossing
4.10 : QCADesigner: Simulation engines
4.11 : Example Circuit Designs
4.12 : QCA Fabrication
4.13: Conclusions

4.3 THE QCA CELL:

OUTLINE:

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Introduction
The CAD tool: QCADesigner
The QCA cell
Ground state Computing
Clocking
Input/Output Interfacing
QCA Logic

4.8 : Fixed Polarization Cells

4.9 : Wire Crossing
4.10 : QCADesigner: Simulation engines
4.11 : Example Circuit Designs
4.12 : QCA Fabrication
4.13: Conclusions

4.4 GROUND STATE COMPUTING: