NUTRITION

NUTRTION

-INTRODUCTION All living organism need food to survive

Food contains various type of nutrients, such as proteins,
carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals
The intake of nutrients by living organisms is known as
nutrition
Food is needed by living organisms
(a) to maintain health
(b) as a source of energy
(c) to carry out life processes such as breathing, growing,
excreting and reproducing
The energy content of a food is known as its calorific value
The calorific value of a food can be determined by using a
bomb calorimeter

-INTRODUCTION-

The diagram show the

instrument bomb
calorimeter that is used to
determine the calorific value
of a food

What is Nutrition?
- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms
- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food is
calorie (kJ)
- The calorific value of food is the total energy released from
food when it is oxidized completely in body
The table shows that the food have different calorific
value
Class of food

Calorific value (kJ)

Carbohydrates

17.2

Proteins

22.2

Fats

38.5

VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH DIFFERENT

KEN
C
I
CH
D
E
FRI 110 KJ)
(

IT
F R U J)
K
(54

F
BEE J)
K
(154

EGG )
KJ
0
0
(1

CALORFIC VALUE

RICE
(205
KJ)

T EA
(43 K
J)

CLASSES OF FOOD

CARBOHYDRATE

PROTEIN

CLASSES OF FOOD
WATER
FATS

VITAMINS/MINERALS

FIBRE

CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy
- Examples that food that rich in carbohydrates
is:1. Rice
2. Beef
Food that have major calories in carbohydrates
3. Bread

Carbohydrates shown
right contains starch
that needs to keeps on
control in intake

FATS
- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs
- Food that rich in fats:(a) Chocalate
(b)Pizza
(c)Cheese

These food cannot

take excessively !!!

VITAMINS/MINERALS
- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health
- Food rich in vitamins
(a)Vitamin A Carrots
(b)Vitamin B-Tablets,
tempe

(c)Vitamin C-mostly vegetables and fruits

PROTEIN
- Protein builds new cells for growth and replace damage cells
- Examples food rich on protein
(a) Fish
(b) Grain
(c) Assorted beans

FUN FACTS
Protein makes a
person to grow in
height.

-WATER- Water is a medium that is needed in the body for chemical

reactions in our body.

We should take 8 glasses

of water a day

FUN FACTS

-FIBRE- Fibre helps the movement of food through digestive tract (to
avoid constipation)
-Food that rich on roughage:(a)Fruits
(b)Vegetables
(c)Nuts
(e)Barly

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES

REQUIREMENT

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS

CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-

AGE
- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than the
old people
- This is because they are still growing and needs more energy
to undergo the process
- Old people need less energy ; because they are less active
-Less(old
people)

-More(teenagers)

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES

REQUIREMENT

SEX
Generally, males need more calories than female

because:(a) Male are more active than females

(b) Males have large body size than females

BODY SIZE
- An individual with big body size need more calories
than smaller sized individual because:(a) There are no weight to support
(b) There are more cell to feed

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES

REQUIREMENT

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
- A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer
requires more calories than an office worker.
- This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscular
contraction

CONDITION OF HEALTH
- A healthy person generally requires more calories
than one who is sick.
- This is because is sick person is generally less active
or be bedridden

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES

REQUIREMENT

SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE
- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories
than ones who is in a warm place
- This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost
from our body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will
be needed to maintain a constant body temperature

Need more
(cold
surroundings)
Need less
(warm
surroundings)

HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION

- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients in

correct quantity
- Dietition are people who are trained to give people advice
about what they eat or drink to be healthy
- Improper nutrition can lead to health problems such as:CLICK ANY OF THE TOPIC TO VIEW
MALNUTRITION

OBESITY

ANOREXIA
NERVOSA

MALNUTRITION
- A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet contains
insufficient or an excess amount of certain nutrients
- Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, list
of problem will be shown on the next slide.

High blood
pressure

Scurvy
Kwashiorkor

Diabetes

Rickets

Gout

MALNUTRITION
Disease/health
disorder

Cause

Symptoms

Can be prevent
with:-

High blood pressure

-excessive intake of -mostly without

salt, fat , cholesterol symptoms

-exercise
-eat less food
contain fat

Diabetes

-excessive intake of
sugar

-presence of sugar
on urine

-eat less sweet food

Scurvy

-lack of vitamin c

-bleeding gums

-eat more fruits and

vegetables

Kwashiorkor

-lack of protein

-diarrhoea
-accumulation fluid

Consume more
seafood's

Rickets

-lack of vitamin d

-soft bones
- Bow leggedness

-Drink more milk

-Expose to sunlight

Gout

-excessive protein

-pain in joints
-disposition uric acid

-Reduce taking
protein foods

Night blindness

-lack of vitamin A

-poor vision in dim

light

-eat liver,egg,carrots
more often

OBESITY
- A person is said to be overeating when he takes in more
than what his body needs
- The extra calories will be stored in the form of fats under the
skin and around organs
THIS SHOULD
- This can lead to obesity.
BE
PREVENTED
BY REGULAR
EXERCISE

THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES

ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

-HEART ATTACK
-DIABETES
-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

-ANOREXIA- Anorexia is a psychological illness

- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weight
and starving oneself to become thin and underweight.
- It occurs more often in adolescent females than males
- It can develops slimming which makes a person dislike
eating or refusing to eat
- As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight

FUN FACTS
-Death can occur due to
extreme starvation.
- It usually needs
counseling to treat it.

DISEASES RESULTING FROM UNHEALTHY EATING

HABITS
- Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases
- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habits
and their consequences
Unhealthy eating habit

Consequences

-Eating too much meat food which

are rich in saturated fats and
cholesterol

-narrowing of arteries due to deposit

of cholesterol

Overeating, especially over

consumption of carbohydrates and
fats

- Diabetes

-Eating too much snacks and junk

food, especially which high in salt

-High blood pressure

- Diabetes

- Irregular meal times or skipping

meal to often

- Gastric ulcers

-Eating too fat and swallowing food

- Indigestion

without proper chewing

GOOD NUTRITION AND GOOD EATING

HABITS
- Many health problems and diseases are related to improper
nutrition and bad eating habits
- We should take good nutrition and practice good eating
habits
- We should take balanced diet
- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the right
amount, in accordance with the needs of our body
- It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,
moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats and
sugar as possible.
- Using a food pyramid will help a balanced diet in daily life

-FOOD PYRAMIDTHE FOOD

PYRAMID

ONCE YOU
TAKING
NUTRITION
BASED ON
FOOD
PYRAMID,YOUR
DAILY INTAKE
NUTRIENT IS
BALNCED AND
HEALTHY