Kb= [OH] [HOAc] / [OAc]= Kw/Ka= 1 x10 -14 / 1.8 x 10 -5 =5.6 x10 -10
Kw/Ka= 1 x10 -14 / 1.8 x 10 -5 = x2/ 0.05
x= 5.27 x 10 -6
pOH= -log (5.27 x 10 -6 ) pOH=5.28 pH= 14-5.28= 8.72
As 0.1 M NaOH is added in increments of 1 ml, the pH of the solution
shows little change because of the buffer solution being set up. Due
to its buffer capacity, which is the amount of acid or base (in this
case 0.1 M NaOH) the buffer can neutralize before the pH will
change to an appreciable degree. However, the change in pH
becomes more pronounced as it nears the equivalence point. The
pH of the solution depends on the concentration of HOAc that has
not been neutralized. The goal of titration is to reach the
equivalence point, which is the point where the added solute
(NaOH) reacts completely with the substance present (HOAc). In
this titration, equivalence point is attained when 25 ml of 0.1 M
NaOH is added to 25 ml of 0.1 M HOAc. Thus, the concentration of
the acid and base is the same. Since HOAc is a weak acid which
reacted to NaOH which is a strong base, the solution becomes
slightly basic at the equivalence point, with a pH of 8.72. The pH at
the equivalence point is always above 7 when a weak acid-strong
base titration happens, because the salt formed has an anion that
is a weak base (OAc-), which will undergo hydrolysis(pH upon
computation is 8.72). After the equivalence point, the pH is
determined by the concentration of OH- from the excess NaOH.
Theoretical Titration of 0.1 M Titration of 0.1 M HOAc with 0.1
HOAc with 0.1 M NaOH M NaOH
ml titrant pH
ml titrant pH ml titrant pH
0 2.89 0 3.11 20 5.32
1 3.4 21 5.43
5 4.14
2 3.67
22 5.58
10 4.56 3 3.85
23 5.77
4 3.98
15 4.92 24 6.09
5 4.09
20 5.34 6 4.2 25 6.63
7 4.3 26 9.88
25 8.72
8 4.37 26.5 10.22
30 11.96 9 4.45
27 10.82
10 4.52
35 12.22 27.5 10.93
11 4.6
28 11.21
40 12.36 12 4.67
13 4.73 28.5 11.32
45 12.46
14 4.81 29 11.39
50 12.52 15 4.88 29.5 11.46
16 4.95 30 11.52
55 12.57
17 5.03
30.5 11.57
60 12.61 18 5.11
31 11.6
19 5.22
II. Titration of 25 ml 0.1 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.1 M
NaOH (strong base)
Equilibrium 2mmol 0
Equilibrium 0 0
14
12
10
8
pH
pH
6
4
2
0
0 20 40 60 80
ml NaOH
III. Titration of 25 ml 0.1 M NH4OH (weak base) with 0.1 M HCl (strong acid).
Initial 0.1 M 0 0
Change -x +x +x
Equilibrium 0.1-x x x
ml titrant pH
ml titrant pH
0 9.9
0 11.11 1 9.64
2 9.49
5 9.85 3 9.28
4 9.12
10 9.43
5 8.98
15 9.07 6 8.78
7 8.56
20 8.65 8 8.26
9 7.75
25 5.28
10 5.73
30 2.04 10.5 3.08
11 2.66
35 1.78 11.5 2.48
12 2.36
40 1.64
12.5 2.28
45 1.54 13 2.21
13.5 2.16
50 1.48 14 2.11
14.5 2.07
55 1.43 15 2.04
60 1.39 15.5 2.01
16 1.98
Theoretical Titration of 0.1 M NH4OH w ith 0.1 M HCl Experimental Titration Curve of NH4OH w ith HCl
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 pH 6 pH
pH
pH
4 4
2 2
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20
ml HCl ml HCl
Titration of Unknown with 0.1 M NaOH
Upon comparison with the theoretical titration curves, the unknown can be classified as
a weak acid, due to the less steep change in pH as compared to the theoretical
titration curve of a strong acid.
Concentration of unknown acid
[Concentration of NaOH] (Vol. NaOH)= [C. of unknown acid](Vol.at eq. point)
(0.1 M) (25 ml) = x [ (25 ml NaOH) + (27 ml unknown acid)]
x= 0.05 M
When comparing all the theoretical
titration curves with their respective
experimental values, there is little
difference in terms of the pattern the
plot follows. The difference is accounted
for by the different initial pH values
before titration as compared to the
theoretical pH values, which affects the
equivalence point during titration.
In these titration curves, determining the pH at each
step is essential. Before the titration reaches the
equivalence point, the pH of the solution depends
on the amount of the substance not yet neutralized
by the titrant. After reaching the equivalence point,
pH levels depend on the excess amount of the
titrant in the solution. Determining the pH at
equivalence point depends of the substances used
in titration. For a strong acid-strong base titration,
there is no need to compute for the pH level is
always seven, because no cations or anions
undergo hydrolysis, which will have an effect on its
pH level. If one of the components is a weak acid
or a weak base, the hydrolysis of the cation/anion
needs to be taken into account
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