Power Electronics Unit V

UNIT III
AC voltage controller and

cycloconverter
4.1.1 Single-phase AC voltage controller
VT 1
VT2
u1
io
u1
O
uo
R uo
O
io
The phase shift range

(operation range of phase
delay angle):
O
u VT
t
t
O
02/26/16
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t
2
Resistive load, quantitative analysis
RMS value of output voltage

Uo
2
1
1

2
U
sin
t
d
U
sin
2
1
1

2
(4-1)
RMS value of output current
Uo
R
RMS value of thyristor current
Io
IT
1
2
02/26/16
2U 1 sin t
U 1
sin 2
d t 1 (1
)
R
R
2
Power factor of the circuit
(4-2)
P UoIo Uo
S U1 I o U1
1

sin 2
2
(4-3)
(4-4)
3
Inductive (Inductor- resistor) load , operation principle

u1
VT 1
VT2
io
uG1
R
u1
uo
The phase shift range:
O
uG2
O
uo
O
io
uVT
O
02/26/16
t
t
4
4.2 Other AC controllers
4.2.1 Integral cycle controlAC power controller
VT 1
VT2
u1
io
Conduction
uo angle =
2 U1
uo
R O
M
2
M
2N
M
u1
uo,io
3
M
4
M
Line period
Control period = M *Line period
= 2
Circuit topologies are the same as AC voltage controllers.

Only the control method is different.
Load voltage and current are both sinusoidal when thyristors are conducting.
02/26/16
4.3 Thyristor cycloconverters
4.3.1 Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter

Circuit configuration and operation principle
P
N
Z
uo
a p=
2
Output
voltage
Average
ap=0
output voltage
02/26/16
ap=
2
t
Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter

Modes of operation
uo
u o,io
O t1
uP
iP
uo
t2
t4
t3
t5
iN
uN
uo
uP
io
io
uN
t
uo
O
iP
P
N
02/26/16
O
iN
Rectifi
Inver
cation
sion
blocking
blocking
Rectifi
Inver
cation
sion
Typical waveforms
uo
O
io
O
t
1
3
2
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6
5
Modulation methods for firing delay angle

Calculation method
For the rectifier circuit
u o U d0 cos
(4-15)
u2 u3 u4 u5 u6
u1
t
For the cycloconverter

ap3 ap4
output
uo U om sin o t
(4-16)
Equating (4- 15) and (4-16)
U om
cos
sin o t sin o t
U d0
therefore
(4-17)
cos 1 ( sin o t )
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(4-18)
us2 us3 us4 us5 us6 us1

uo
t
Principle of cosine
wave-crossing method
Output voltage ratio

(Modulation factor)
150
Uom
120
(0 1)
Ud 0
/( )
90
60
30
0
02/26/16
3 2 t
2
2
Output voltage phase angle
10
The configuration with common input line
4.3.2 Three- phase thyristor-cyclo converter
02/26/16
Copyright by 4-24
www.noteshit.com
11
02/26/16
The configuration with star-connected output
12
Typical waveforms
Output voltage
200 t/ms
Input current with

Single-phase output
200 t/ms
Input current with

3-phase output
02/26/16
200 t/ms
13
Input and output characteristics

The maximum output frequency and the harmonics in the output voltage
are the same as in single-phase circuit. Input power factor is a little
higher than single-phase circuit. Harmonics in the input current is a
little lower thanthe single- phase circuit due to the cancellation of
some harmonics among the 3 phases.
To improve the input power factor:
Use DC bias or 3k order component bias on each of the 3 output
phase voltages
Features and applications
Features:
Direct frequency conversionhigh efficiency
Bidirectional energy flow, easy to realize 4- quadrant operation
Very complicatedtoo many power semiconductor devices
Low output frequency
Low input power factor and bad input current waveform
Applications:
High power low speed AC motor drive
02/26/16
14
4.4 Matrix converter
Circuit configuration
input
b
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
u
v
output
w
a)
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S ij
b)
15
Usable input voltage
U1m
1 Um
2
Um
a)
b)
a) Single-phase input b) Use 3 phase voltages

voltage
to construct output
voltage
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3 U
1m
2
c)
c) Use 3 line-line voltages

to construct output
voltage
16
Features
Direct frequency conversionhigh efficiency can realize good input and

output waveforms, low harmonics, and nearly unity displacement
factor
Bidirectional energy flow, easy to realize 4- quadrant operation
Output frequency is not limited by input frequency
No need for bulk capacitor (as compared to indirect frequency converter)
Very complicatedtoo many power semiconductor devices
Output voltage magnitude is a little lower as compared to indirect
frequency converter.
02/26/16
17

Power Electronics Unit V

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UNIT III

AC voltage controller and

4.1.1 Single-phase AC voltage controller

The phase shift range

Resistive load, quantitative analysis

RMS value of output voltage

RMS value of output current

Power factor of the circuit

Inductive (Inductor- resistor) load , operation principle

The phase shift range:

4.2 Other AC controllers

4.2.1 Integral cycle controlAC power controller

Circuit topologies are the same as AC voltage controllers.

4.3 Thyristor cycloconverters

4.3.1 Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter

Single- phase thyristor-cycloconverter

Modulation methods for firing delay angle

For the cycloconverter

Equating (4- 15) and (4-16)

us2 us3 us4 us5 us6 us1

Output voltage ratio

The configuration with common input line

4.3.2 Three- phase thyristor-cyclo converter

The configuration with star-connected output

Input current with

Input current with

Input and output characteristics

4.4 Matrix converter

Usable input voltage

a) Single-phase input b) Use 3 phase voltages

c) Use 3 line-line voltages

Direct frequency conversionhigh efficiency can realize good input and

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