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V Chapter 2.

5 PHASES IN ALLOYS

V Engineering Materials presentation by:


Tommy Harza Putra
Immadudin Hanafiah

V Mechanical Engineering International Program


V Metals, combination
of metals, usually
created in liquid state,
but in solid state
called mechanical
mixtures,
V The largest proportion V ?  

called base metals, the
  
 
other element called    


alloying element    a   
  

 
 
  
  
 a 
   
 
  
  a  
V jormed when two or V Depending upon the
more elements are type of the places
completely insoluble occupied by the
in the solid state, exp: solute, solid solution
lead and iron can be either
substitutional or
interstitial.
V Substitutional V Interstitial
According to Interstitial solid
the Hume-Rothery solution is formed
Rules, solvent and when atom of small
solute atoms must atomic radii fit into
differ in atomic the empty spaces or
size by less than 15% interstices of the
in order to form this lattice structure
type of solution.

Substitutional alloy Interstitial alloy


V Relative size factor V Chemical affinity factor:
The farther apart the
elements are in periodic
table, the greater is their
chemical affinity

V Relative valency factor: V Crystal structure factor:


A metal of higher Metals having same
valance can dissolve crystal structure will
only a small amount of have greater solid
a lower valance metal, solubility
while the lower valance
metal may have good
solubility for the higher
valance metal
V In ideal subtitutional V These regular
solid solution solute arrangements of atoms
and solvent atoms are are called ´?  
randomly distributed  
˜ or ´  
on lattice sites, at  ˜
elevated temperatures
there is a random
distribution of solute
and solvent atoms,
during slow cooling the
atoms begin to take up
preferred positions, and
the solution become
ordered
?hether two elements will V Density of the alloy
form a substitutional or an
interstitial solid solution can Mathematically:
be predicted by ‘ 
, or by the   

of the following quantities:

?here: Then Density =


ǒ (rho) is the atoms
Density, ?eight of atoms/cells
 is the Mass,
 is the Volume. Volume of unit cell
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Atom-prove Field Ion Microscope (APFIM)
V jormed when there is an
excess of an alloying
element added to a base
metal in a solid solution.
V It is present within the solid
solution.
A solid solution of copper
V Different structure and and arsenic
properties to the solid
solution.
V Can either be a compound
or an intermediate solid
solution.

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