Nano-Technology

INDEX

Introduction
History
Application
Practical application
Advantages & disadvantages
Conclusion
sources

INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology is the branch of science &

engg which deals with creations of materials ,

devices and system through manipulations of
individual atoms and molecules.
The goal is to control individual atoms and
molecules to create nono chips and other
devices which are thousand times smaller
than recent technological permits.

HISTORY
Prof R.P Feyman once said The amount of information

space available to us is enormous, there is nothing

besides our clumpsy size that keeps us from using this
space. In this time(than) is not possible to usto manipulate
single atoms or molecules because they were far too small
for our tools
He described that law of physics do not limit the ability to
to manipulate single atoms and molecules. He than
explored the possibility of the material at a scale of
individual atoms and molecules.
He also described such atomic scale fabrication as a
bottom approach as opposed to the top down approach as
we know.

APPLICATIONS

Nano systems
Nano materials
Nano electronics
Information & communication technology

Nano systemsIt is a small system that is an extension of

bio-technology. They are under continuous reasearch in
the form of nano mytes to prevent diseases.
Nano materialsIt is possible to create any material by working at the
nano level. One of the first nano material was the
carbon nano tube which conducts electricity better than
copper.
Nano electronicsStandard computre chips which soon have minimum feature
sizes
below 100 nanomaters will inevitably enter the realm of nano
Technology.

Information

and communication technology-

In IT industry computer chip is formed by charting number

of transistors , the building block of computers over the

past three decades.
In 1971 there were just 2300 transistors in Intel 4004 ,
their first computer chip with a clock speed of 0.8 million
cycles per second.
Because of nano technology by 2003 , intel xeon processor
has 108 million transistors operating at a clock speed of
3000 million cycles per second .
In optical communication there is already a commercially
availabe device which consist of some infinite movable
mirrors mounted on tn
He surface of a sillicon chip which is about 1 sq cm and of
1 microns across.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Monitoring patience
Electronics
Automobile ECU
Modern telecommunications
Eg: nano chips , nano computer ,
sensors,transistors etc.

Advantages & disadvantages

Advantages

The field of electronics can be modernised by

the help of nano technology. For eg: quantum
dots are tiny particles that produces light used
for iluminating purpose which can be used on
display screens.
It is small in size and reduce space for its
components making it more easy to handle.

Disadvantages
It has gained a risk to health due to its smaller size

which can cause inhalation problems and fatal

diseases.
It is a very costly technology and its cost are
increasing day by day.
Nano technology has raised the standard of living and
at the same time has also given birth to nano
pollution.
Nanotechnology if fall in wrong hands can be used to
make destructive weapons such as nuclear war
heads . It is a highly unsecure an classified technology
and can fall into wrong hands pretty soon.

Conclusion
As a conclusion to this topic , I would say nano technology is a

brand new technology that has began revolutionig science that

will change what we know before . It will give the scientist the
ability to develpo and manipulate the combination of atom in
an object to much lighter, stronger and more durable objects
than before just by using nano tubes.
In terms of ETC , nanotechnology components like
semiconductor diode , capacitors and resistance and other
components used in an intregated circuit will reduced to size
will space space .
It will also reduce consumption of energy and shall be more
efficient and durable in high transmission frequencies
andutillisation of optical spectrum to provide at least 10 times
the bandwith now.