CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION

By: Napoleon C. Aday

La Union College of Nursing
Arts and Sciences
The Parable
 And Jesus answering said, A certain man
went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell
among thieves, which stripped him of his
raiment, and wounded him, and departed,
leaving him half dead.
And by chance there came down a certain
priest that way: and when he saw him, he
passed by on the other side…
Life support
 Basic Life support – an emergency
procedure that consist of recognizing
respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the
proper application of CPR to maintain life until
a victim recovers or advanced life support is
available.
 ACLS – the use of special equipment to
maintain breathing and circulation for the
victim of a cardiac emergency.
 Prolonged Life support – for post
resuscitative and long term resuscitation.
Chain of Survival
 First link – early access 25%
 Second Link – Early CPR 25 %
 Third Link – Early defibrillation
 Fourth Link – ACLS
When breathing and circulation stop

 0 to 4 minutes, brain damage not likely

 4 to 6 minutes, brain damage probable
(clinical death)
 6 to 10 minutes, brain damage probable
(irreversible damage)
 More than 10 minutes, brain damage is certain
(biological death)
BSI

 Body Substance Isolation (BSI) are

precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of
exposure from any type of bodily substance
(BF-BSE)
 handwashing and standard precaution
 personal protective equipment
 cleaning and disinfection
RESPIRATORY ARREST
 Is the condition in which breathing stops or is
inadequate
 Causes
 obstruction (anatomical, mechanical)
 disease ( COPD, Bronchitis, Pneumonia)
 others, Drowning, suffocation, Poisoning

 Rescue Breathing
RESCUE BREATHING
 mouth to mouth (adult & child)
 mouth to nose (adult & child)
 mouth to mouth and nose (infant)
 mouth to stoma
 mouth to face shield
 mouth to face mask
 ambubag
CARDIAC ARREST
 Circulation ceases and vital organs are
deprived of oxygen
 CPR
 This is a combination of chest
compressions and rescue breathing,
combined for effective resuscitation of the
victim of cardiac arrest
CPR
 Compression Area & Depth
Adult/Child – center of the chest; nipple line
1 ½ to 2 inches; 1 to 1 1/2
Infant – 1 finger between the imaginary nipple
½ to 1 inch
How to compress?
 Heel of 1 hand, other on top – adult
 Heel of 1 hand, other hand on top.
Or heel of 1 hand – child
 2 fingers (middle & ring fingertips) – infant
I. Getting Started
 Planning of action
 Gathering the materials needed
 Remember the initial response as follows
A - Ask for help
I - Intervene
D - Do no further harm
 Instruction to helpers/ bystanders
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
 Survey the scene:
 Is the scene safe?
 What happened?
 How many people are injured?
 Are there bystanders who can help?
 Identify yourself as a Trained CPR
provider.
 Get consent to give care.
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
 Activate Medical Assistance
 Call First and Care First
 A bystander should make a
telephone call for help
(if available)
 Somebody will be asked to
arrange for transfer facility.
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
 Information to be remembered in activating medical
assistance:

 What happened?
 Location?
 Number of person/s injured?
 Extent of injury and First Aid given?
 The telephone number from where you are calling?
 Person who activated medical assistance must
identify himself and drop the phone last.
III. PRIMARY SURVEY
 Check for:

 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 Deformity
Ways in Opening airway:
 Head Tilt- Chin- Lift Maneuver- no spinal
injury
 Jaw- Thrust Maneuver- Spinal Injury
 Check for breathing 5- 10 sec
 Check for Circulation 5- 10 sec
IV. SECONDARY SURVEY
 Interview the victim- if conscious
 allergy
 medications
 past history
 last meal taken
 event prior to injury
 Check vital signs
 blood pressure
 temperature
 pulse rate
 respiratory rate
 oxygen saturation- if pulse
oxymeter is available
Perform Head-to-toe Examination

 Contusion  Burn

 Abrasion  Tenderness
 Laceration
 Puncture
 Swelling
 Deformity
 Do obtain consent as possible.
 Do think worst.
 Do identify yourself to the victim.
 Do provide comfort and emotional
support.
 Do respect the victim’s privacy.
 Do be as calm and direct as
possible.
 Do care for the most serious injuries
first.
 Do loosen tight clothing.
 Do not let the victim see his own injury
 Do not leave the victim alone except to get
help.
 Do not assume that the victim’s obvious
injuries are the only ones.
 Do not make any unrealistic promises.
 Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim
and require them to make decisions.
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING
CPR
 DNR order
 Advance Directives
 No physiological benefit
 S – Spontaneous sign of
circulation is restored
 T – turn over to medical services
 O – operator is exhausted
 P – physician assumes
responsibility (declares death)
 S – scene becomes unsafe
 Survey the scene

If the scene is safe, If the scene is not safe, do

proceed to the next step. emergency transfer.

Check for responsiveness

If unresponsive, shout for

help!
Position the victim. Check for Obstruction

Check for ABC, 5- 10 sec

If (-) pulse, (-) breathing, give

2 breathes

Recheck for ABC for 5- 10

sec
If (-) pulse, (-) breathing,
ACTIVATE MEDICAL Locate the compression
ASSISTANCE position

30 compression: 2 breathes
1 and 2 and 3- 10, 11, 12,
13- 20 and 1 and 2 and 3- 9
and 2
2 breathes

Recheck for ABC

1, one thousand 2, one
thousand 3- 10