% To seek ways to ensure the supply
of highly qualified pharmaceutical
scientist specialists in product
development and related
technologies that meet current and
future needs.
This charge was borne out of a sense that graduate
programs in colleges of pharmacy are increasingly
failing to produce sufficient numbers of appropriately
qualified specialists in product development and
related pharmaceutical technologies and that the
pharmaceutical industry has been forced to recruit and
train scientists from other disciplines.
% Ajaz Hussain, Ph.D.
Reputy Rirector, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, CR , FR
% ames McGinity, Ph.D.
Professor and Chair, Pharmaceutics, University of Texas
% Stephen Nail, Ph.D.
esearch Fellow, Lilly esearch Laboratories
Michael Pikal, Ph.D.
Professor and Chair, Pharmaceutics, University of Connecticut
% David Savello, Ph.D.
Vice President, Cardinal Health Inc.
% oseph Schwartz, Ph.D
Professor/Rirector, Industrial Pharmacy esearch, Phila. Coll.Pharmacy
% arry Augsburger, Ph.D. (Chair)
Shangraw Professor, Industrial Pharmacy/Pharmaceutics, Univ. of MR
% Anil Salpekar, Ph.D. (Ex Officio)
Vice President, Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc.
ï
% Concern expressed as early as 1978 in a
Symposium of Teachers of Pharmacy
(Pharmaceutics) held at the 25th National
Meeting of the A.Ph.A. Academy of
Pharmaceutical Sciences
± lack of financial support and its impact,
± potential negative impact of the growing
clinical emphasis in undergraduate programs
in pharmacy
± types and sources of funding available
5%
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3%
% R
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% 50 pharmaceutical executives targeted.
% Presidents (10%), vice presidents (40%),
various levels of directors (42%), others (8%).
% 30% response rate
% 90% consider PT their primary section
% In the pharmaceutical industry at least 11
years
% Have Ph.D. (86%) or Masters degrees
% 86% of all respondents degrees in
pharmaceutics (defined as physical
pharmacy, industrial pharmacy, or product
development)
§
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% Executives
% Undergrad degrees in pharmacy (regardless
of discuipline of advanced degree)
§
#
#
50%
40%
30%
% Executives
20%
10%
0%
0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% >75%
50%
% Advanced Degrees in
Pharmaceutics/Industrial
Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Technology
§
70%
60%
50%
40%
% Executives
30%
20%
10%
0%
0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% >75%
64%
% Staff having ONLY a degree in an
engineering field (entry level or advanced)
§
+
( (! (%,
3%
2%
% Execu es
1%
%
-1% 11-25% 26-5% 51- 5% >75%
21%
% S having degree(s) ONLY in
scieniic disciplines oher han
pharmacy or engineering
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40%
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% Exec tives
20%
10%
0%
eve of Diffic tyin Finding Qua ifie People
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% Entry-level product development scientists
should bring to the position a good basic
sciences background, but, in particular, be
strong in preformulation, materials science
and unit operations.
% Firms increasingly have been forced to
recruit and train scientists from other
disciplines.
± Executives report that 50% or less of product
development staff have undergraduate degrees
in pharmacy and that 50% or less have
advanced degrees in pharmaceutics/industrial
pharmacy/pharmaceutical technology.
% There is not only a shortage of entry-level
scientists with appropriate background in
product development and pharmaceutical
technology, but also a lack of suitably
experienced pharmaceutical scientists
seeking employment.
% Bringing the appropriate background to
the job is preferable to having a good
basic science background and ³back-
filling´ these additional skills on the job.
% Entry-level Ph.D.s in industrial pharmacy,
pharmaceutical technology or related areas
bring a better mix of skills to the product
development table than their counterparts
from other science disciplines, and this
advantage persist even after 4-6 years
experience on the job.
% Firms go to extraordinary efforts to recruit
for product development, using every
means available, including going ³deep´ into
the network.
± 70% of executives reported the level of difficulty
in filling these positions to be 3 or higher on a 4-
point scale (4 = greatest difficulty).
% The number of graduate programs in
industrial pharmaceutics, product
development and pharmaceutical
technology is severely limited.
± The focus of pharmacy school core
curricula has been shifting away from
the basic sciences and toward
preparing pharmacy practitioners.
± There is a lack of stable funding for
industrial pharmacy graduate
programs.
% A dramatic increase in µpractice¶
faculty in colleges of pharmacy
clearly reflects a shift in emphasis in
pharmacy schools.
à er f F ll-tie P r F lt Disilie
2500
° °
2000 i
1500 ou sy of K nn h W.
°ill , h. ., Vi
1000
sid n, Gdu
duion , R s h
500
nd holship,
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Yer
% et, this relatively static number
basic sciences faculty has produced
a growing number of Ph.D.s,
especially in pharmaceutics.
`
180
160
140
Courtesy of Kenneth W.
120
PCEU
Miller, Ph.D., Vice
President, Graduate
100 MDCHM
PCOL/TOX
80 SADS/PP
OTHER Education , Research
60
40
and Scholarship, AACP
20
0
9
!
% How do we create awareness in
colleges and universities of our
needs and the
to develop
and maintain programs in industrial
pharmacy and technology?
± Corollary: How can stable funding be
provided for such programs?
% How can FDA¶s PAT and
Pharmaceutical Quality Systems for
the 21st Century initiatives be a
µgalvanizer¶ for garnering support for
and appreciation of the role of
industrial pharmacy and technology?
!
% Will traditional academic
programs in pharmaceutics or
industrial pharmacy alone be
sufficient to meet the scientific
and technical challenges implicit
in FDA¶s new initiatives?
% Where (how) should
pharmaceutical scientists
specializing in product
development and related
technologies receive their
training?
§
(3..4
§
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