(M-I)
GROUP-B
Nisarg Shah
Parth Prajapati
Shaikh Nizamuddin
Ansari Ashfaq
Keval Rohit
Hemal Prajapati
Vadhaiya Pratik
(13BEMEG033)
(13BEMEG027)
(13BEMEF032)
(13BEMEG031)
(13BEMEG034)
(13BEMEG028)
(13BEMEG030)
(130410119098)
(130410119058)
(130410119102)
(130410119005)
(130410119082)
(130410119028)
(130410119119)
Introduction
Forest resources
Forest resources-Indian Scenario
Functions of forests
Importance of forests
Ecological and Economical Importance
Types of Forests
Deforestation Causes & Effects
Forest Degradation in India
things. Living things include trees, shrubs, wildlife etc. and non-living things
include water, nutrients, rocks, sunlight and air.
Forest vary a great deal in composition and density and are distinct from meadows
and pastures.
Forest are important to humans and the natural world. For humans, they have many
In India forest cover Overall, 21.02% of the country's geographical area is now
under
green
cover
(as per 2009* data) The total forest cover in India is 6,90,899 km2
Forest cover in India is defined as all lands, more than one hectare in area with a
Source:-www.wikipedia.com
Source:-www.google.com
Forest Provide protection against Soil erosion, Droughts, floods, noise, radiations
Soil
erosion
Soil
erosion
Floods
Drought
s
Forest Provide various products like, gum resins, medicines, Katha, honey, pulp,
The Forest regulates the level of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere. The
Forest provides aesthetics, habitat to various flora and fauna besides that it also has
an recreational value.
Forest play a crucial role in regulation of global climate and temperature as forest
cover absorb the solar radiations that would otherwise be reflected back into the
atmosphere by bare surface of the earth.
process the forest act as a sink for co2 there by reducing the green
house effect due to co2
During Photosynthesis process forest releases oxygen a very important gas for
They prevent soil erosion by binding the soil particles tightly in their roots. They
also reduce the velocity of wind and rain which are chief agents causing erosion.
The fertility of soil increases due to humans formed by the decay of forest litter
The forest act as a giant sponge they slow down runoff, absorbing and holding water
Forest cover absorbs the noise and helps in preventing noise pollution
Source:-www.google.com
Forest absorbs many toxic gasses and air pollutants and can help in keeping air
pure.
for making
furniture and other items like boats, bridges and other day to day
uses.
Fuel Wood: The wood is used as fuel for cooking and other
material for various wood based industries like paper and pulp,
sports goods, furniture, match boxes etc.
Food: Fruits, roots, leaves of plants and trees along with the meat of forest animals
Source:-www.wikipedia.com
Karnataka, Kerala)
b) Tropical semi evergreen: Lower hills of western
Ghats.
c) Tropical moist deciduous: Dehradun, mahableshwar
Uttar
Pradesh
b) Tropical thorn forest: Delhi, Punjab, Gujarat
a
Coniferous Forests
Among the 16 different forest types of the country, the most common is
Tropical dry deciduous (38.7%)
Tropical moist deciduous (30.9%)
Tropical thorn (6.9 %)
These 3 types of tropical deciduous forests accounts for more than 76.5 % of forest
Forest are exploited since early times for humans to meet human demand
The permanent destruction of forest is called deforestation
Shifting
Cultivation:
It
is
traditional
of
forest
occurs
for
various
infrastructure
the environment
The
discussed below:
Soil erosion: The soil gets washed away with
At the beginning of 20th century about 30 % of land in India was covered with
forests but by the end of 20th century the forest cover was reduced to 19.4%
As a result of exploitation, the tropical forest cover in India, is now only reduced to
The National forest policy has recommended 33 % forest area for plains and 67 %
for hills
The deforestation rate per unit population in India is lowest among the major
tropical countries
For effective forest management of country we have to take the confidence of tribal
Introduction
Types of Mineral Resources
1. Fuels
2. Coal
3. Oil
4. Natural Gas
Mining
1. Types of mining
1. Naturally occurring,
2. Inorganic,
3. Have known chemical compositions
4. Have definite physical properties.
5. Are solid
Fuel refers to various types of solid material that are used as fuel to
create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the
shape of their container.
Fuel gas is any one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous.
Coal mining in India started in 1774 through East India Company in theRaniganj
Coalfield along the Western bank of Damodar River in the Indian State of West Bengal.
Growth of the Indian coal mining started when steam locomotives were introduced in
1853.
Production increased to Million tonnes. Production reached 30 million tonnes in 1946.
After Independence, National Coal Development Corporation was setup and colleries were
owned by Railways.
India consumes coal mainly for Power sector. Other industries like cement, fertilizer,
chemical and paper rely coal for energy requirements.
The Coal reserves of country are approximately 70 billion tonnes but today the rate of
minning is about 400 to 450 tones anually , if these rates of minning remain continue than
within 180 to 200 years these resource became absorbed.
According to different carbon contain it can be cathogorised as
Lignite
bitumineous
anthracite
Most of India's crude oil reserves are located in the western coast (Mumbai High) and in
the northeastern parts of the country, although considerable undeveloped reserves are also
located in the offshore Bay of Bengal and in the state of Rajasthan.
The combination of rising oil consumption and fairly unwavering production levels leaves
India highly dependent on imports to meet the consumption needs.
The formation of crude oil takes million of years .
The petroleum after distillation and further processing provides numerous products and byproducts.
1 million tones of crude oil on Fractional Distillation provides 0.8 million tones of
petroleum product through the fractional distillation.
A huge mass of Indias natural gas production comes from the western offshore
Mining : It is the process of extracting minerals from the earths crust , the minerals
Area strip mining: parallel strips made in flat land; power shovels used.
Contour strip mining: terraces cut into side of hill; power shovels used.
Mountaintop removal: explosives used to remove top of mountain and expose coal
underneath.
Used to remove coal and other metal ores that are too deep to be extracted by
surface mining
Blast tunnels to get to deposit, use machinery to transport ore to the surface
Disturbs 1/10 as much land as surface mining, produces less waste
More dangerous and expensive.
Made by :
Parth Prajapati.
Nisarg Shah.
Nizzamuddin Shaikh.
Ashfaq Ansari.
Keval Rohit.
Hemant Prajapati
Vadhaiya Pratik
Id No.
[13BEMEG027]
[13BEMEG033]
[13BEMEF032]
[13BEMEG031]
[13BEMEG034]
[13BEMEG028]
[13BEMEG030]