Moon Landing Hoax?

http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/
Photography
Notice the crosshairs disappear behind bright white objects.
They must have been added after the photos were taken,
right?
Overexposure can cause bleeding of white areas into

dark areas seeming to overlap or obscure dark lines.

Moon Surface
Unique Lunar Soil

• Since there’s no
atmosphere,
water, or wind,
astronauts’
footprints remain
imprinted
permanently in
the surface of the
moon
 The best physical
evidence of the landing is
the rock samples that were
brought back.

• Moon rocks are extremely

unique and unlike rocks on
earth.
• They’ve been pelted by
meteorites.
• Solar radiation causes them to
have unusual chemical
elements and isotopes.
Space Radiation
 “Any
“Any human beingtraveling
human being traveling through
through the
the van
vanAllen beltbelt
Allen would have been
would haverendered either
been rendered
extremely ill or actually killed by the radiation
either extremely ill or actually killed by the
within a short time thereof”
radiation within a short time thereof”
 Sources
TIME of Space Radiation
• Solar Energetic Particles 2000 km
FLUX
• Galactic Cosmic Radiation 5000km

• Van Allen Belt

SHIELD

15,000 – 20,000km
6000 – 10,000km
 Flux * time(s) * energy(eV) * 1.6 * 10-19(J)

Radiation Dosage
= 20 000 * ( 5 * 60) * (100 * 106 ) * 1.6 * 10-19
= 9.6 * 10-5 J/kg or A0.096 mSv.
Total radiation ( including the return trip) = 0.192 mSv

• Length of exposure
• Level of radiation, flux
• Shielding
• Peak Fluxes
20,000 protons cm-2s-1
• Energy
100MeV
• Time = 5 min
• Total amount of energy
absorbed
6 * 108 MeV * 106 * 1.6 * 10-19
= 9.6 * 10-5 J/kg or 0.096 mSv.
If time = 127.5min, max radiation
will be 2.45 mSv
Average annual Total dose equivalent
dose equivalent from
to individuals in all
in the
the US
US
sources
Source
Source Dose
DoseEquivalent
Equivalent
(mSv)
(mSv)
Natural
Natural 3.6mSv
Radon
Radon&&decay
decayproducts
products 2.00
2.00
Cosmic Radiation 2.45 mSv0.27
CosmicRadiation 0.27
Terrestrial
TerrestrialRadiation
Radiation 0.28
0.28
Internal radiation 0.39
Internal radiation 0.39
Medical
Medical
X-ray
X-raydiagnosis
diagnosis 0.39
0.39
Nuclear
NuclearMedicine
Medicine 0.14
0.14
Consumer
ConsumerProducts
Products 0.10
0.10
 Will it Kill?
• Acute radiation is loosely defined as being
exposed to 1000 mSv to 2000 mSv over a
maximum period of a few days.
• Death from such exposure level is very rare
Technology
What did we need to get to the moon?

• A rocket powerful
enough to launch a
spacecraft off of earth:
• The Saturn V Rocket
or “moon rocket” had
the five engines
available to put out a
total of 7.5 million lbs
of thrust!!!
They needed such a powerful rocket in order to lift
all 116,000lbs of the Apollo “stack into space.
The Columbia
• A spacecraft that
would keep the
astronauts alive
for the 2 week
journey
• The Columbia had
enough room for 3
astronauts, and using a
combination of fuel
cell technology, and
simple chemistry, the
craft was able to keep
the them alive for the
required time. The craft
was oxignated,
pressurized, heated,
and filtered.
 A suit to actually do something on the moon
• The suits the astronauts wore on the moon were some of the most advanced
pieces of technology they took with them to the moon.
• Each was made custom for each astronaut, and was only used ONCE!
• Each cost over $200,000!!!!
 Everything in the suit was designed to keep the
astronaut comfortable and alive in the harsh vacuum
of space. The suit had about 13 layers of protection
in it, yet still incredibly mobile!!
In all, we got the technology we
needed to get there and back.