Captive

Management
of Orangutan
B Y:
AMIRAH AZIZAH ZAKARIA 29546
MOHD HAMIZAN MALEK 31203
ARIF AKMAL AZMAN 29641
A H M A D S YA R I F U D D I N M O H A M A D 2 9 4 4 5
FAT H I H I H A K I M I R O S M I D I 3 0 1 7 4
NOORSHAZLIN MEOR SAMSUDIN 31708
N U R FAT I N A . K A R I M 3 2 11 4
N U R S YA Z R E E N A K A M A R U D D I N 3 2 2 5 3
R A H M AT L I B A R 3 2 6 5 0

INTRODUCTION
Class : Mammalia
Order : Primates
Family : Hominidae
Subfamily : Ponginae
Genus : Pongo
Species : pygmeaus
Common Name : Orangutan
Status : Endangered (IUCN)

Situated at the western

corner of the Kubah
National Park of Sarawak,
Covers around 180
hectares of lowland forest

MATANG WILDLIFE CENTER

Sedgwick County Zoo

located in northwest
Wichita is the largest zoo
in Kansas and one of the
largest zoos in United
States.
Home to more than 2500
animals of nearly 500
different species.

SEDGWICK COUNTY ZOO

ENCLOSURE

MATANG WILDLIFE CENTER

Type of Enclosure
Setting
Holder cage

Free ranging captivity

Made of steel cage

Day time enclosure

Night cage

Concrete enclosure wall

Quarantine sick &

aggressive orang utan

No glass window pane not

solely meant for exhibition.

Lack of nouvelle objects

Watching tower for visitors

Constricted space

Lack of shades from weather

Natural ground floor

Wooden platform
Rope

Enclosure of Orangutan at Matang

Wildlife Center

SEDGWICK COUNTY ZOO

Type of
enclosure
setting

Night cage

3 night
cages with
two glass
doors with
windows

Free ranging
captive
Fresh

bedding

Sand floor with

jungle gym
equipment,
raised platforms
and rock piles

i- wire mesh
facing foliage
area

ii- entrance to
three night
cages

iii- Glass
through fro
visitors to
view orang
utan

iv- cement wall

and contain
handhold in
which food
could be placed

ENCLOSURE
i

ii
iv

iii

Fig. 1. Orang utan enclosure at Sedgwick Zoo

Enclosure type

Advantages

Disadvantages

Night cage

Orang utan could see their free Lack of space.

ranging captive during night
Able to see zoo keepers
carrying out their routines
Fresh bedding comfort the
orang utan

Free ranging
captive

Express their wild behaviour

The size may not

enough for a family of
orang utan

NUTRITION
Matang Wildlife Center

Sedgwick County Zoo

Omnivorous

Fruits, leaves, bark, nuts, seeds, insects

and honey.
Foraging period - 4 to 6 hours per day.
Nutrition is kept as close to the natural diet as
possible.

Fruits

Vegetables

apples, oranges, bananas,

watermelons
carrots, yams, lettuce

Porridge

made from mung beans, red rice, milk

and pumpkin

Orang utan were given access daily to the

enclosure at 0930 h, encountering fruits

(bananas and papaya), vegetables
( cabbages, carrots, maize, beans,
tomatoes, and cucumber) and raisins.
Milk is supplied during the morning feed.
Food were distributed throughout the area
to encourage the animals to forage.
At 1700 h the animals were given access to
the night cages which contained food and
fresh bedding.

BREEDING
Sedgwick County Zoo

Matang Wildlife Center

Natural birth was took place in the

Matang Wildlife Centre

Protocol of breeding:

To ensure that mother and her baby will

be kept undisturbed with minimal
human contact

Reason: Allow natural growth and

development

Mother will provide a foundation of

survival skills to her new baby born

For the newly born Orangutan, the relation

between mother and baby are checked.
Reason:

Some

of Orangutan are hand-raised. Female

Orangutan might feels intimidated.
She does not lived with female orangutan that has
given birth and then cared for the baby. Thus, she
lack in parenting experience.

The infants are given to surrogate orangutan

female who lived with female orangutan

Zookeeper

provided physical and phsycological for

the orangutan to be a mother.
The female mother and its baby are remained off
exhibit, zookeepers can work with both of them.

Breeding
of
Orangutan
at Matang

Daughter of Chiam and Aman

Result of successful captive breeding program

GEORG
E
(FATHER)

CHIAM AND HER BABY BOY

GANTI AND HER BABY BOY

Breeding
of
Orangutan
at
Sedgwick

At Sedgwick County zoo, on 19th May

2011, a female orangutan named Daisy
gave birth.

HEALTH & DISEASES MANAGEMENT

Matang Wildlife Center
Diseases being identified during screening

and quarantine period.

Volunteer must wear masks to prevent
disease transmission between orangutan
and people.
No contact policy.
Reason for No contact policy
Orangutan attack.
Zoonotic disease transfer
Disrupt the rehabilitation process of orangutan
Traumatized the orangutan

Sedgwick County Zoo

A thorough dental examination

inspection of the oral cavity, including teeth and gum also a series
of x-ray are taken.

Watching or monitoring different types of oral diseases,

broken teeth, jaw fractures, abscesses, and even

cancer.
Many of the apes have been trained to open their
mouth on cue, allowing inspection of the teeth.
Dental disease can lead to chronic pain as well as
inflammation.
Infection can spread through the blood stream, causing
damage to the hearts, kidneys, and other organ.
Without regular dental care, tooth loss and abnormal
wear can result in difficulty of chewing food,
subsequent weight loss, and generally compromised
state of health.

ENRICHMENT

Matang Wildlife Center

Type of Enrichment

Description

Physical environment

Sensory and food

Social

Hanging rope
Raised platform
Wide fallen logs
Adequate space
Boxes full of seeds, nuts and fruits, mixed with
stones and newspaper were given on a monthly
basis.
Bamboo sticks were cut up and filled with sliced
fruits,
shoots and seeds.
Happy sacks
Put coconut in large hessian sack, sew across
the sack then fold it inside out.
Put the seeds and nuts in then sew again
(repeat until the sack becomes hard to undo).

Some live in group of 3 to 4 individuals

Some of them live alone in holder cage
Grooming, playing and aggression

Sedgwick County Zoo

Enrichment

Description

Food

Fruits, vegetables and raisins are distributed throughout the

area to allow the animals to forage
Cement-made wall with handholds which contained food to
encourage the animals to climb

Social

Cement-made wall with

handholds which contained
food to encourage the
animals to climb
The animals are placed in
group with different group

Novel object

Image source: ZooChat

Gym equipment
poles, cross-beams, horizontal ladders to encourage the
animals to active as in natural behavior
Increase activity level in animal by placing wooden plank,
hammock, handholds and two piles of rocks

Enrichment

Description

Exhibit design

Contain of substrate such as sand floor on the ground and piles of rocks
and boulders with waterfall

Training

The keepers are always create interaction and train the animals to gain
trust and allow the animal to close with them

Sensory
Consist of objects (e.g puzzle, food pieces) and (hidden food in tree,
scattered food) to train the animals
stimulate the sight, touch, smell and taste and elicit a behavioral response
from the animal
Auditory

Absent
Therefore, should simulate things that the animal may hear in the wild such
as taped sounds or vocalizations

Novel objects, food enrichment, exhibit design

Image source: ZooChat

QUESTION?