ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
CREATING DRUG RESISTANCE
ATLAS
(INCORPORATING CDC GUIDELINES)
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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Healthcare-associated infections
Healthcare-
associated
infections (HAIs)
are a major, yet
often preventable,
threat to patient
safety
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A question to Many
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hospital-onset methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
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and
wards
exception
well-baby
locations
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Microbiology Departments
should Document on
pathogens
The Antibiotic
documentation
includes resistance
data for 31 bugdrug profiles (or
phenotypes,
pathogen-antibiotic
combinations that
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Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE)
Multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
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HOSPITALS CAN
CREATE ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANCE ATLAS
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10
Staphylococcus aureus
S.aureus
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Less
severe infections are
common and occur outside
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Analytical
Definition:
Staphylococcus
aureus that has
tested resistant
(R) to at least 1
of the following:
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13
1.
2.
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MRSA (%R)
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant
MRSA (%R)
MRSA
Vancomycin-Intermediate
MRSA
Daptomycin-Resistant
MRSA
MRSA (%I)
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Acinetobacter spp
Pathogen
Overview
Carbapenem-
Phenotype
Resistant
Analytical
Definitions
Acinetobacter spp.
(%R*)
Any
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Acinetobacter
spp. that has
tested either
intermediate (I) or
resistant (R) to at
least one of the
following:
imipenem,
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ampicillin/sulbactam
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18
E.coli
Pathogen
Overview
19
Phenotype Analytical
Definitions
Carbapenem-Resistant
E.coli (%R)
Any
Extended-Spectrum
Any
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant
E.coli (%R)
Any
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Any
1.
Extended-spectrum cephalosporins
(cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime,
ceftriaxone)
2.
3.
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Enterobacter spp.
Pathogen
Overview
prevalence
22
Phenotype Analytical
Definitions
Carbapenem-Resistant
(%R)
Enterobacter spp.
Any
Extended-Spectrum
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Any
Enterobacter
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Klebsiella spp.
Pathogen
Overview
25
Any
Extended-Spectrum
Any
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathogen
Overview
Pseudomonas
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Phenotype Analytical
Definitions
Carbapenem-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Resistant or Intermediate) (%R*)
Any
Extended-Spectrum
Cephalosporin-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%R)
Any
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Any
MDR Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (%R)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Any
Aminoglycoside-Resistant
Any
Pip/Tazobactum-Resistant
Any
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Enterococcus faecium
Pathogen Overview
Overall, Enterococcus spp. are the fifth most common cause of healthcareassociated infections according to a 2011 national prevalence survey performed
by CDC.
Enterococcus.
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Enterococcus faecium
that has tested resistant
(R) to vancomycin
Daptomycin-Resistant
Enterococcus faecium
(%R*)
Any
Enterococcus
faecium
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that has tested non-
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Enterococcus faecalis
Pathogen Overview
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Phenotype Analytical
Definitions
Vancomycin-Resistant
faecalis that
has tested resistant (R) to
vancomycin
Daptomycin-Resistant
faecalis that
has tested non-susceptible
(NS) to daptomycin
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Coagulase-Negative
Staphylococci
Pathogen
Overview
Coagulase-negative
staphylococci
infections cause bloodstream
infections and infections of
prosthetic material. Overall, these
bacteria, commonly found on the
skin, are associated with only
about 1 out of every 10 healthcareassociated infections according to
a 2011 national prevalence survey
performed by CDC.
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Understanding Coagulase
Negative Staphylococcus
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Phenotype Analytical
Vancomycin-Resistant
Coagulase-Negative
Definitions
Staphylococci (Resistant or
Intermediate) (%R*)
Coagulase-Negative
Coagulase-Negative
Staphylococci (%R)
Coagulase-Negative
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Enterobacteriaceae spp.
Pathogen
Overview
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Phenotype Analytical
Definitions
Any
E.coli,
Klebsiella oxytoca,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae, or
any Enterobacter
spp. that has
tested resistant
(R) to at least one
of the following:
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Attention of Viewers
I am thankful to many in the world who made me to achieve my desired goals faster than I
thought, having > 3-5 million health professionals share and utilize my knowledge for the
benefit of mankind, Today I wish to be freelancer to the world to create interest in Medical,
Clinical and Diagnostic Microbiology with more emphasis on Infectious diseases and Hospital
associated Infection wish to be your partner in educating many millions who know well the
importance of Infectious diseases
You
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Infection care
Microbiology
For
Mob
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Program
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