Learning Objectives
To differentiate between pre-acquisitions and postacquisitions reserves
To determine the unrealised profits for inter-company
To treat the goodwill on consolidation after initial
recognition
To prepare consolidation journal entries and related
adjustment and elimination
To prepare consolidation worksheet
To prepare consolidation statement of comprehensive
income and statement of financial position
PRE-ACQUISITION RESERVES
The reserves existing in the subsidiary
on the date of acquisition
Non-distributable reserves by the
parent
Eliminated in consolidation (against
COI)
POST-ACQUISITION RESERVES
Increase @ decrease in reserves after
acquisition
Profit made by subsidiary after
acquisition post acquisition profit
Include in consolidated reserves
Consolidation Procedures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Example 1
Sab Bhd acquired 100% of the issued share
capital of Cha Bhd on the 30 June 2000 for a
total consideration of RM120,000.
At that date, Cha Bhds net assets at fair value
was represented by share capital of
RM100,000 and retained profit of RM20,000.
The statement of financial position of Sab and
Cha as at 30 June 2001 are as follows.
Land
Investment in Cha
Debtors
Bank
Long term Loan
Creditors
Share Capital
Retained profit
SAB BHD
(RM)
400,000
120,000
230,000
50,000
(100,000)
700,000
500,000
200,000
700,000
CHA BHD
(RM)
150,000
50,000
30,000
(50,000)
(30,000)
150,000
100,000
50,000
150,000
Required:
1. Determine the pre acquisition and post-acquisition
reserves as at 30 June 2001.
2. Prepare the consolidated worksheet as at 30 June
2001
Answer
1) Pre-acquisition = 100% x 20,000
= 20,000
Post-acquisition = 100% x (50,000 - 20,000)
= 30,000
SAB
CHA
Adjustment Consol.
RM000 RM000 DR CR Balance
Land
Inv in CHA
Debtors
Bank
Long term
loan
Creditors
Share Capital
Retained
profit
400
120
230
50
150
50
30
(50)
(100)
700
500
200
(30)
150
100
50
700
150
120
100
20
550
280
80
(50)
(130)
730
500
230
730
Pre-acquisition
- eliminated when recording the NCI in SFP
Post-acquisition
- need to proportionate based on NCI %
- included in the consol. SCI under NCI a/c
- Calculation: % of NCI x Profit After Tax of subsidiary
- Assume no inter company transaction:
Dr. Non-Controlling Interest ( SCI)
RMXX
Cr. Non-Controlling Interest (SFP)
RMXX
(to record NCI for share of profit for the year)
Example 2:
On 31 Dec 2002, WWW Bhd acquired 80% interest in
RRR Bhd at purchase consideration of RM32,000. At the
date of acquisition, net asset of RRR Bhd represented by
equity is as follows:
Share Capital
20,000
Retained Earning
Revaluation reserve
10,000
10,000
RRR Bhd
(RM000)
Share Capital
50,000
20,000
Revaluation reserve
50,000
15,000
Retained Earning
60,000
35,000
Liability
22,000
50,000
182,000
120,000
32,000
150,000
120,000
182,000
120,000
RRR Bhd
(RM000)
40,000
40,000
(20,000)
(15,000)
20,000
25,000
40,000
10,000
60,000
35,000
Dividend
Retained earning
31/12/2003
Additional information:
No intra company transactions occur during the period.
Suggested answer:
Consolidation journal entries:
To eliminate investment in subsidiary
Dr Share capital (80% x 20,000)
16,000
Dr Rev. reserve (80% x 10,000)
8,000
Dr Retained Earning (80%x10,000) 8,000
Cr Investment in RRR Bhd
32,000
Suggested answer:
To record NCI in current year profit
Dr NCI (20% x 25,000) (SCI)
5,000
Cr NCI (SFP)
5,000
To record NCI in subsidiarys net assets
Dr Share capital (20% x 20,000) 4,000
Dr Rev reserve (20% x 15,000) 3,000
Dr R Earning (20% x 10,000)
2,000
Cr NCI (SFP)
9,000
Consolidated Worksheet
WWW
Bhd
Income Statement
Profit before tax
Tax
Profit for the period
RRR
Bhd
Adj.
40,000 40,000
(20,000) (15,000)
20,000
80,000
(35,000)
25,000
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the parent
NCI
*25,000 x 0.8 = 20000 + 20,000
Consol.
Balance
45,000
b)5,000
*40,000
5,000
WWW
Bhd
Balance Sheet:
Investment in RRR
Bhd
Other assets
RRR
Bhd
Adjustment and
elimination
32,000
150,000
120,000
22,000
50,000
a)32,000
Consol.
Balance
270,000
270,000
50,000
54,000
80,000
b)5,000
c)9,000
14,000
72,000
270,000
INTER-COMPANY TRANSACTIONS
Parents & its subsidiary may trade within the group.
Group viewpoint - all the inter-company transaction
have to be eliminated, as the group is a single entity.
Logically, the group cant possibly trade/ make
profits from themselves.
Any inter company transactions will be eliminated
when the consolidated financial statements are
prepared.
the group must represent as a single entity.
can avoid double counting the assets, liabilities,
revenue & expenses.
removing gains and losses recognized
INTER-COMPANY TRANSACTIONS
MFRS127: Inter company balances and intercompany transactions and resulting unrealised
profits (URP) should be eliminated in full. Intragroup
losses may indicate an impairment that requires
recognition in the consolidated financial statements.
(para 20-21)
Noted that the eliminations of the transactions are
only for the purpose of preparing consolidated
financial statements. Thus, it will not effect on the
parent and subsidiary books.
INTER-COMPANY TRANSACTIONS
1. Intra-group Sale of trading inventories
2. Intra-group Sale of fixed assets
3. Intra-group Dividends
4. Other Intra-group transactions
Solution:
2003
DR
Sales
30,000
CR Purchases/COGS
30,000
(To eliminate inter-company sales during the year 2002)
Dr. Retained profit b/f
700
Dr. Tax Expense
300
Cr. Beginning Inventories (SCI)/COGS 1,000
(To reinstate unrealised profit brought forward)
DR Ending Inventories (SCI) /COGS 800
CR Ending Inventories (SFP)
800
(To eliminate URP for the year @ carried forward)
DR DR Deferred tax (SFP)
240
CR Tax exp (SCI)
240
(To account for tax effect of the profit deferred)
Upstream sales
The profits from the inter-company sales will
be recorded by the subsidiary, as the
subsidiary is a selling company.
Thus, when the full unrealised profits are
eliminated, the share of profits for noncontrolling interest must be allocated based
on the percentage in the subsidiary.
Upstream sales
Upstream sales
Example 4:
Upstream sales
Solution:
Step 1: Determine the URP c/f = 20/100 x 4,000
= 800
Step 2: Determine the URP b/f = 20/100 x 5,000
= 1,000
NCI in SCI = 20% x (60,000 +1,000 - 800)
= 12,040
NCI in SFP = 20% x (120,000 -1,000)
= 23,800
Downstream sales
The parent will record the profits from the intercompany sales, as the parent is a selling
company.
Thus, when the full unrealised profits are eliminated,
the share of profits for non-controlling interest will
not be affected
Book Value
Depreciation
Companys viewpoint
(XY Bhd) RM
Groups viewpoint
RM
800,000
800,000/5
=160,000
600,000
600,000/5
=120,000
Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CRDepreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CRDepreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CRDepreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CRDepreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
Groups viewpoint
RM
Sales prices
500,000
500,000
Book Value
160,000
120,000
[800 (800/5) x 4]
[600 (600/5) x 4]
340,000
380,000
Profit on sale
Solution (cont..):
Year 2004
Calculate the profits on sale of land
Groups viewpoint
RM
Sales prices
Companys viewpoint
(XY Bhd)
RM
2,000,000
Book Value
1,800,000
1,000,000
200,000
1,000,000
Profit on sale
2,000,000
xx
xx
xx
Solution (cont):
Year 2003
DR
Retained profits b/f
560,000
DR
Deferred tax (b/s)
240,000 (800,000 x 30%)
CR Land
800,000
(To eliminate the unrealised profits and restate the land at original cost)
Year 2004
DR
Retained profits b/f
560,000
DR Deferred tax (b/s)
240,000 (800,000 x 30%)
CR Profits on sale of land
800,000
(To record realisation of the unrealised profits)
DRTax exp
240,000 (800,000 x 30%)
CR Deferred tax (b/s)
240,000
(To account for the reversal of tax effect of the elimination of URP)
Profit on sales of FA
200,000
CR Fixed asset
200,000
(To eliminate the URP and restate the assets at original cost)
DR
Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CRDepreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
DR
Solution (cont)
Year 2003
DR Retained profit brought forward
112,000
DR Deferred tax (b/s)
48,000
(160,000 x 30%)
DR Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CR Fixed assets
200,000
(To restate opening balances relating to sale of fixed assets)
DR Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CR Depreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
DRTax exp (40,000 x 30%)
12,000
CR Deferred tax (b/s)
12,000
(To account for the reversal of tax effect of the elimination of URP)
Solution (cont)
Year 2004
DR Retained profit b/f
84,000
DR Deferred tax (b/s)
36,000
(120,000 x 30%)
DR Accumulated depreciation
80,000
CR Fixed assets
200,000
(To restate opening balances relating to sale of FA)
DR Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CR Depreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
DRTax exp (40,000 x 30%)
12,000
CR Deferred tax (b/s)
12,000
(To account for the reversal of tax effect of the elimination of URP)
Solution (cont)
Year 2005
DR
Retained profit b/f
56,000
DR Deferred tax (b/s)
24,000
(80,000 x 30%)
DR
Accumulated depreciation 120,000
CR Fixed assets
200,000
(To restate opening balances relating to sale of fixed assets)
DR
Solution (cont)
Year 2006
DR Retained profit b/f
28,000
DR Deferred tax (b/s)
12,000
(40,000 x 30%)
DR Accumulated depreciation
160,000
CR Fixed assets
200,000
(To restate opening balances relating to sale of fixed assets)
DR Accumulated depreciation
40,000
CR Depreciation expenses
40,000
(To correct for depreciation over provided)
DRTax exp (40,000 x 30%)
12,000
CR Deferred tax (b/s)
12,000
(To account for the reversal of tax effect of the elimination of URP)
Solution (cont)
Year 2007
DR
Accumulated depreciation 200,000
CR Fixed assets
200,000
(To restate opening balances relating to sale of fixed assets)
b) If 1 January 2006, AB Bhd sold the machinery to outside party
for RM500,000.
DR
DR
DR
Inter-company Dividends
Dividends paid/payable by a subsidiary are received /receivable
by its parent.
Group viewpoint - no change in the groups profit
- shifting of profit from one location to another location
On consolidation, dividend income received/receivable by the
parent should be eliminated against dividends paid/declared by
subsidiaries in the consolidated SCI
In Malaysia, the paying company paid the dividend at net of tax
and the receiving company recorded the dividend income at
gross amount (before tax).
The inter-company dividend must be eliminated in full and the
proportion of non-controlling interest need to be allocated.
Thus, the elimination journal entries will depend on whether the
dividend is already been recorded or not.
Inter-company Dividends
Subsidiary can either paid dividend using pre-acquisition
reserves or post-acquisition reserves.
When subsidiary paid dividend from pre-acquisition reserves,
the dividend received by the parent should be regarded as a
return of the capital invested and will be adjusted against the
cost of investment (reduction). This happened at the time
when parent acquired subsidiary and shortly after, the
subsidiary paid the dividend.
In parents books, the journal entry would be:
DR Cash or dividend receivable
CR Cost of investment
(To record dividend received from subsidiary paid using preacquisition reserves)
Inter-company Dividends
Example 7:
AB Bhd acquired a 60% interest in XY Bhd in 1 January 2000 for
a cash consideration of RM160,000. The net assets of XY Bhd at
that date were represented by share capital of RM100,000 and
retained profits of RM80,000.
During the year 2002, XY Bhd paid a dividend of RM140,000 (net
of tax) and AB Bhd recorded as dividend income in the statement
of comprehensive income. XY BHd also made a proposed
dividend of RM60,000 recorded in statement of financial position
and AB Bhd recorded as dividend receivable in the statement of
financial position. Corporate rate tax for 2002 is 30%.
Required:
Record the eliminations journal entries for inter-company
dividend.
Solution:
DR Dividend income
120,000 [(140,000/.7) x 60%]
CR
Tax expenses
36,000 (120,000 x 30%)
CR Dividend paid
84,000 (120,000/.7)
(To eliminate inter-company dividend in the profit and loss account)
DR Non-controlling interest (b/s) 56,000
(140,000/.7 x 40%x70)
CR Dividend paid
56,000
(To allocate inter-company dividend paid for non-controlling interest)
Parent and subsidiary recorded the dividend in the SFP.
DR Dividend proposed
60,000
CR Dividend receivable
36,000 (60,000x60%)
CR Other creditors (NCI)
24,000 (60,000 x 40%)
(To eliminate inter-company dividend in balance sheet and allocate to noncontrolling interest)
DR
CR
xx
xx
Account payables
Account receivables
xx
xx