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Professor Habib Alshuwaikaht

The design of cities has been conscious task of

many throughout history.


Introduction

In 1950s the term urban designer emerged a

profession with a separate university degree.


Urban designers assume that in spite of the vast
scale and complexity, cities can be designed and
their growth shaped and directed.
An early and major example is the work of Baron
Haussmann from 1855-1868 in Paris.
Haussmanns works in Paris included: new pattern
of boulevards, the facades of buildings, the flow of
traffic, the skyline and the proportion of space,
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

What is Urban Design?


Urban design falls between the professions of

planning and architecture.


It deals with the large-scale organization and
design of the city, with the massing and
organization of buildings and the space between
them, but not with the design of the individual
buildings.
Factors distinguish UD from AD: large scale; long
time frame; large number of variables;
approaches and techniques.
UD and planning have complementary roles but
separate and distinct functions
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

The basic four phases: Analysis; Synthesis;

Evaluation; Implementation
Analysis:
Gathering of basic information: land use; population;

transportation; natural system; topography ; and


other relevant information for the specific intended
project (residential, commercial,..)
Visual Survey: is used as a tool by designers to
communicate their perceptions of the structure and
organization of a city or neighborhood to one
another .
Mental Map The Image of the City (Kevin Lynch
1960)

The Urban Design Process


Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

The Urban Design Process

Identifying of Hard and Soft Areas : helps the


continued
designers to know what parts of the city can

accommodate growth and change and what parts are


essentially fixed because they may be historical
landmarks or cemetery

Functional Analysis: examines the relationship of


activities (in 3D) among the various land uses and
the way that relate to circulation system.
Synthesis: the data gathered and the analysis must be
translated into proposals for action. Components of
synthesis phase: evolution of concepts; development
of schematic design proposals; followed by preliminary
plans.
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

The Urban Design Process


continued
Evaluation: how well the solutions fit the

problem? And how readily the proposal can


be implemented?
Implementation: the strategy for actual
financing and construction is devised.
Once an urban design plan is developed,
the principal tools through which it is
implemented are land-use control and
capital expenditure.
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

A list of important criteria for judging UD:


Unity and coherence.
Minimum conflict between pedestrian and vehicles.
Protecting from rain, noise, wind and so on.
Easy orientation for users.
Compatibility of land use.
What
is
Good
Urban
Design?
Availability of places to rest, observe, and meet.
Creation of a sense of security and pleasantness.
The design should not only look good but also

functions well. It must consider factors beyond the


purely physical. Theses include financial, political,
psychological, and sociological considerations.
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

The Neighborhood
Concept
The neighborhood is a central concept in UD.
It is not an old concept 1920s Clarence Perry:

the area that would contain a population (50006000) sufficient to supply the pupils (10001200) for one elementary school.
The neighborhood plan will provide for
residences, a school, shopping facilities for
frequent goods, playgrounds and perhaps small
parks. The street pattern will serve the resident
population but discourages through traffic.
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

Replanning Suburbia:

The Neotraditionalist new


urbanism
Andres Duany is the most exponent of the
Neotraditionalist new urbanism.
Neotraditionalist argue that excessive
dependence on automobile degraded the quality
of life; pedestrian-unfriendly patterns.
The Neotraditionalist advocate the mixing of
uses and pedestrian-unfriendly streets.
They rest much of their case on the market
people will pay very high price for a fine-grained,
pedestrian-unfriendly pattern.

Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

Edge
City

Edge city embodies no single design philosophy


and clear spokesperson such as Adres Duany for

Neotraditionalist.
Edge city is an evolving form of development
based on a variety of economic forces and
the understanding that developers and
investors have of those factors.
Has 5 million square feet or more of office
space, 600000 square feet of retail space,
more jobs than bedrooms, has it all jobs,
shopping to entertainment
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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Visions of the City of the


Future
There are many concepts behind each an idea how

city dwellers should respond to social and


technological change.
Examples: In Ville Radieuse, Le Corbusier envisioned
high-rise residential towers and major roadways would
link together sectors of the city (collective ownership).
In contrast, Frank Llyod Wrights concept of Broad Acre
City, each individual of family owned 1-arce lot. Homes
and industries would be connected by major
roadways. Wrights social and political philosophies
were translated into the design proposals
(independences and autonomy of the individual.
Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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Ville Radieuse, Le Corbusier

Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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The 1934 Broadacre City Model

Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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Visions of the City of the


Future
continued
Other visionaries have suggested more
radical approaches to structuring the future
city.
Palo Soleri: hyperstrucures with heights as
great as the tallest skyscrapers but covering
as much as several hundreds acres of ground.

Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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The Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega-City Pyramid is a


proposed project for construction of a massive
pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The structure
would be about 14 times higher than the
Great Pyramid at Giza, and would house 750,000
people

Prof. Alshuwaikhat - KFUPM - CP101

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