Behaviour

Skill
M. Rahil Bhura
Asst. Professor

Sardar Patel College of Pharmacy,

Sardar Patel Education Campus (SPEC),
Bakrol, Anand.

PublicAttitudes
( )
Toward
thePolice
What do people think () of
the police?
Itdependson:
whomyouask( i
i)
peoplespriorexperience(

)

QualitiesofaSuccessful
PoliceOfficer(

)

Police officers require a rare

combination of qualities and abilities

(
)
:
Motivation(
)forapolicecareer
Normalselfassertiveness(
)
Emotionalstabilityunderstress(
)
Integrityandhonesty( )

three Is of police selection

ThreequalitiesoftheAmericanpoliceofficerthat
seemtobeofparamountimportanceareintelligence
(),integrity( ),andinteractionskills.

The Problem:
Too many incidents in which
officers resort to use of force (
" )

Officers misinterpreting the contact or

aggressive suspects?

High number of citizens

complaints against police officers

Officers misbehaving or bogus complaints?

( ?)

Factors related to discretion:

Individual Officer variables.
Education, age and experience.
Younger officers tend to be more
punitive and aggressive. Quality of
older officers work higher.
Gender. Some evidence suggests that
female police officers are less
aggressive. Women less likely to use
force.
Career orientation and family situation.

The Challenges
1. Reducing use of force and complaints
without changing the frequency and
nature of contact with the public
2. Requires third-party systematic
observation that would scientifically
measure both the implementation and
the outcome of the practice
3. Cost Effectiveness

One Possible Solution:

Cameras

Socio-Cognitive Mechanism Behind

the Idea that Cameras Might Change
our Behaviour
In social contexts, knowing that one is
being-observed leads to modifications of
behaviour and often into sociallydesirable-responses
When individuals are observed by rule
or norm-enforcing agents, this selfawareness effect is believed to be
stronger, given the potentially negative
implications for the rule violation

Socio-Cognitive Mechanism Behind

the Idea that Cameras Might Change
our Behaviour
Deterrence theory predicts that when the
perceived probability of apprehension is high,
unacceptable behavior is less likely to occur
Nagin (2013)

It follows that if the certainty of getting caught

for noncompliance is intensified, than sociallydesirable behaviour is more likely to occur
Yet rigorous evidence on being watched in
real-life settings is minimal, insofar as it can be
ascertained that self-awareness leads to compliance

Cameras in Police Use

61% of police departments used video cameras in
patrol cars in 2007
(U.S.
Department of Justice 2010)

Cameras are likely to:

(1) improve accountability
(2) reduce complaints of police misconduct
(3) save thousands of dollars in court costs
(4) lower overtime costs for investigations and court
appearances
(5) ability to collect evidence for trial
(6) increased professionalism by forcing officers to
give more attention to following agency rules
(International Association of Chiefs of Police, 2004)

Research Questions
Will wearing body-worn video
cameras reduce the number of
complaints against officers compared
to the control group?
Will wearing body-worn video
cameras reduce the number
(instances) of use-of-force compared
to the control group?

The Cameras
Video of Foot Pursuit

Measurements
Complaints against officers:
IA Pro = software used by 340 internal
affairs and professional standards units
around the world

Measurements
Use of Force Incidents:
Blue Team = web-enabled software
which tracks and records all incidents,
use-of-force, vehicle accidents and
pursuits

Measurements
Camera Data:
Evidence.com (TASER) = web-based
video management system that tracks all
video cameras evidence. 50,000 hours of
data

THANK
YOU