UNDERSTANDING HSDPA THROUGHPUT

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Where does 7.2Mbps come from?

WCDMA Frame

fixed

(5 MHz)

3,840,000 chips/sec

16

240,000 symbols/sec

Spreading Factor

fixed
16 QAM Modulation

240,000 symbols/sec

4 bits/symbol

960,000 bits/sec

HSDPA Codes

960,000 bits/sec

10

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3/4

capability

9,600,000 bits/sec

Coding Rate

9,600,000 bits/sec

adaptive

adaptive

7,200,000 bits/sec
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What does Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC) do?

AMC provides the flexibility to

match the modulation-coding
scheme
to
the
average
channel conditions for each
user. With AMC, the power of
the transmitted signal is held
constant over a frame interval,
and the modulation and
coding format is changed to
match the current received
signal quality or channel
conditions.

Modulation Coding Rate

Throughput in kbps
(1 code of SF = 16)

QPSK

1/4

120

QPSK

2/4

240

QPSK

3/4

360

16 QAM

2/4

480

16 QAM

3/4

720

16 QAM

4/4

960

Link Adaptation operates with 2 ms granularity and

is based from CQI provided by the terminal

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What is CQI?
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) is a value which the terminal reports to
the Node B and is the basis of the type of modulation & coding that will
be used in the HS-DSCH.

CQI value reported corresponds as a function of:

multipath environment
terminal receiver type
ratio of interference of the own base station compared w/ others
BTS HSDPA power availability

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What happens to the throughput as it goes to higher layer?

Example of HS Data Transmission Handling

IP Networks

UE

Node B

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Application
Server

1. Packet to BTS Buffer

2. First Transmission
decode failure

3. NACK: in case of packet decoding

failure
MAC-hs
handles
Hybrid
Automatic
Repeat
Request
(HARQ) process in the Node B
4. Retransmission
Retransmission
Combining:
Chase Combining or Incremental
Redundancy
5. RLC ACK
RLC AM retransmissions are
more likely in connection with
mobility operations
6. TCP/IP ACK

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What happens to the throughput as it goes to higher layer?

L3 +: TCP/IP

16 bits

L2: RLC

RLC
Header

MAC-d
header

L2: MAC-d

L2: MAC-hs

TCP
Header

APPLICATION

IP
Header

DU meter
throughput

320 bits

RLC SDU

MAC-d SDU

RLC
Header

..

MAC-d
header

..

MAC-hs
header

RLC SDU

MAC-d SDU

MAC-hs payload
Transport Block

L1

CRC

mapped onto HS-PDSCH

Example of Application Layer Throughput Computation:

320*42/ 0.002 sec x

RLC SDU payload

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0.88

12% MAC & RLC Headers

& Retransmissions

0.97

3% TCP/IP Header &

Retransmissions

5,736,192 bits/sec

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What other factors affecting HSDPA throughput?

HSDPA Terminal Classes
Class

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HSDPA Codes Modulation

Peak Rate

QPSK/ 16QAM

1.2 Mbps

QPSK/ 16QAM

1.2 Mbps

QPSK/ 16QAM

1.8 Mbps

QPSK/ 16QAM

1.8 Mbps

QPSK/ 16QAM

3.6 Mbps

QPSK/ 16QAM

3.6 Mbps

10

QPSK/ 16QAM

7.2 Mbps

10

QPSK/ 16QAM

7.2 Mbps

15

QPSK/ 16QAM

10.8 Mbps

10

15

QPSK/ 16QAM

14.4 Mbps

11

QPSK

0.9 Mbps

12

QPSK

1.8 Mbps

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What other factors affecting HSDPA throughput?

Node B Power
Licensed HSDPA Code
Terminal Class

R99 Traffic

SIM QoS: Max Bit rate

RNC Capacity

SGSN Capacity

GGSN Capacity

IP Networks

UE

Node B

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Application
Server

Transmission Configurations
Transport Parameters
Backbone
Routing
QoS: TC, THP, ARP, GBR

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END
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