KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

KING SAUD UNIVERSITY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE - 486
DEEP COMPACTION

Name :
ID :

Abdulrahman Al-bedah
423102910

Outlines
Definition.
2. Aims Of Compaction.
3. Methods of Deep compaction.
1.

4.

Vibro-Compaction.
Dynamic Compaction.
Blasting.

References.

Soil Compaction
Definition:
The method of mechanically increasing the density of
soil by expulsion of air voids

:Aims Of Compaction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Increases load-bearing capacity.

Prevents frost damage.
Provides stability.
Reduces water seepage, swelling and
contraction.
Reduces settling of soil.

Methods of
Deep compaction
Vibro-Compaction.
Dynamic Compaction.
Blasting.

Vibro-Compaction
Known as VibroFlotation.
Is used to densify clean,

cohesionless soils.
The action of the vibrator,
usually accompanied by
water jetting.
Allowing them to move into a
denser configuration,
typically achieving a relative
density of 70 to 85 percent.

Expected Vibro-Compaction Results:

Ground Type

Relative Effectiveness

Sands

Excellent

Silty Sands

Marginal to Good

Silts

Poor

Clays

Not applicable

Vibro-compaction Acceptance Testing:

Standard Penetration Test (SPT).

Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT).
Pressuremeter Test (PMT).
Dilatometer Test (DMT).
Load test.

Dynamic Compaction

Dynamic Compaction is the dropping of heavy

weights on the ground surface to densify soils at
depth.

Pounder (Tamper)
Mass = 10-30 tons
Drop = 50-100 ft

Typical Dynamic Compaction Program Involves:

Weights of 10 to 30 tons.
Drop heights of 50 to 100 ft.
Impact grids of 7 x 7 ft to 20 x 20 ft.

Important Dynamic Compaction Geotechnical Parameters:

Soil conditions.
Groundwater level.
Relative density.
Degree of saturation.
Permeability.

Important Dynamic Compaction Construction Conditions:

Minimum 100-150 ft clearance from any structure.

Review site for vibration sensitivity.

Dynamic Compaction Acceptance Testing:

Large-Scale Load Test .

Standard Penetration Test (SPT).
Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT).
Pressuremeter Test (PMT).
Dilatometer Test (DMT).
Shear-Wave Velocity Profile.

Blasting
Blasting is the process of detonating
smallcharges within loose cohesion less
soils for the purpose of densification.

Expected Soil Behavior with Blasting:

Immediate and long-term surface settlement.

Settlement can be 2-10 percent of treated strata
thickness.
Penetration resistance will increase slowly with
time for several weeks.
Dense zones may be loosened during blasting.

Design Considerations:

Charges should be placed at approximately 1/2-3/4 of

desired depth of compaction.
Spacing of detonation holes should be between 5-15 m.
Successive coverage's are separated by hours or days.
Individual charge 1-12 kg, the amount of total explosive is
89-150 g/m^3 of treated soil.
Soil closest to the surface will be poorly compacted and may
need compaction by another method or removal.
The compaction resulting from blasting is a function of the
initial relative density.

References

http://www.concrete-catalog.com/soil_compaction.html
http://tc17.poly.edu/vc.html
http://www.haywardbaker.com/services/dynamic_compact
ion.html
http://www.keller-ge.co.uk
http://www.sbe.napier.ac.uk/projects/compaction/chapter
3a.htm
http://www.haywardbaker.com/services/dynamic_compa
ction.htm
www.geoengineer.org/files/Compaction-Sivakugan.ppt
http://externalweb.nmt.edu/mining/labs.htm