FUNCTIONS OF VENTILATION: Natural ventilation & air movement could be considered

under the heading of structural controls.

Due to human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
It has three different function:1. Supply of fresh air.
2. Convective cooling.
3. Physiological cooling.

SUPPLY OF FRESH AIR

The requirements of fresh air supply are governed by the type of

occupation, number & activity of the occupants by the nature of
any process carried out in the space.
In number of air changes per hour.
The provisions of permanent ventilation is openings which
cannot be closed;may be compulsary.

CONVECTION COOLING
The exchange of indoor air with fresh out-door air can
provide cooling.
The moving air acts as a heat carrying medium.
A situation where this convective cooling is a practical
proposition, arise in moderate or cold climate.( When the
internal heat gain is carrying a temperature increase, but also
in warm climates, when the internal heat gain or solar heat
gain through windows would arise the indoor temperature even
higher than the out-door air temparature.

PROVISION FOR VENTILATION:

The stack effect relies on
thermal forces set up by
STACK EFFECT:
density difference between the
outdoor & indoor air
VENTILATION DUCT ARRANGEMENT
Internal bathroom on typical intermediate
floor.
1.vertical
2.horizontal

Figure shows some duct arrangement for

multistory building.

DUCT DESIGN GRAPH:

DELIVERY RATE FOR DUCT LENGTHS INDICATED.

The motive force is the stack pressure multiplied by the cross

sectional area (force in N , area in m2)the stack pressure can be
calculated from the equation0.042 x h x ^t
h=height of stack in m.
^t=temperature difference in degree c.

Such shaft use for the ventilation of internal , windowless rooms (bathrooms & toilet)
in Europe.

PHYSICAL COOLING:
The movement of air pass the skin surface accelerates heat
dissipation in two ways:
1. Increasing convective heat loss.
2. Acceleration evaporation.

PROVISIONS FOR AIR

MOVEMENT WIND EFFECTS:
Thermal forces will rarely be sufficient to create appreciable
air movement.
The designer should try to capture as much of the available
wind as possible.

Here we must extend this analysis &examined how the flow

of air through a building will be influence by what factors.

When moving air strikes an

obstacle such as a building ,this
will slow down the air flow but
the air flow extend a pressure on
the obstructing surface.

Air flow arround a building

The pressure is proportionate to the air velocity, as

expressed by the equation:
P w= 0.612 x v2
Where Pw=wind pressure N/m2
v=wind velocity m/sec
A separation layer is formed between the stagment air & the
building on the hand the laminar air flow on the other hand.