3D Optical

Data Storage
PARAS
GUPTA
1308210067
3rd year
C.S

CONTENTS
Introduction
Overview
Media design
Media form factor
Media manufacturing
Commercial development
Basic components
Processes for written & reading data
Advantages AND disadvantages
Conclusion
References

INTRODUCTION
3D optical data storage is the term given to any form of optical

data storage in which information can be recorded and/or read

with three dimensional resolution (as opposed to the two
dimensional resolution afforded, for example, by CD).
This innovation has the potential to provide byte-level mass
storage on DVD-sized disks. Data recording and read back are
achieved by focusing lasers within the medium.
No commercial product based on 3D optical data storage has yet
arrived on the mass market, although several companies are
actively developing the technology and claim that it may
become available "soon".

OVERVIEW
CURRENT OPTICAL DATA
STORAGE MEDIA, SUCH AS
THE CD AND DVD STORE DATA
AS A SERIES OF REFLECTIVE
MARKS ON AN INTERNAL
SURFACE OF A DISC.
IN ORDER TO INCREASE
STORAGE CAPACITY, IT IS
POSSIBLE FOR DISCS TO
HOLD TWO OR EVEN MORE OF
THESE DATA LAYERS, BUT
THEIR NUMBER IS SEVERELY
LIMITED SINCE THE
ADDRESSING LASER
INTERACTS WITH EVERY
LAYER THAT IT PASSES
THROUGH ON THE WAY TO
AND FROM THE ADDRESSED
LAYER.

 THE ACTIVE PART

MEDIA DESIGN
OF 3D OPTICAL
STORAGE MEDIA
IS USUALLY AN
ORGANIC
POLYMER EITHER
DOPED OR
GRAFTED WITH
THE PHOTO
CHEMICALLY
ACTIVE SPECIES.
ALTERNATIVELY,
CRYSTALLINE
AND SOL-GEL
MATERIALS HAVE
BEEN USED.

MEDIA FORM FACTOR

Media for 3D optical data storage have been suggested in several
form factors:
Disc: A disc media offers a progression from CD/DVD, and allows
reading and writing to be carried out by the familiar spinning disc
method.
Card: A credit card form factor media is attractive from the
point of view of portability and convenience, but would be of a
lower capacity than a disc.
Crystal, Cube or Sphere: Several science fiction writers have
suggested small solids that store massive amounts of
information, and at least in principle this could be achieved with
3D optical data storage.

MEDIA MANUFACTURING
The simplest method of manufacturing - the molding of a disk in
one piece is a possibility for some systems.
A more complex method of media manufacturing is for the media
to be constructed layer by layer.
This is required if the data is to be physically created during
manufacture. However, layer-by-layer construction need not mean
the sandwiching of many layers together.

DRIVE DESIGN
A drive designed to read and write to 3D optical data storage media
may have a lot in common with CD/DVD drives, particularly if the form
factor and data structure of the media is similar to that of CD or DVD.
However, there are a number of notable differences that must be taken
into account when designing such a drive, including :
Laser
Variable spherical aberration correction
Optical system
Detection
Data tracking

COMMERCIAL DEVLOPMENT
In addition to the academic research, several
companies have been set up to commercialize 3D
optical data storage and some large corporations have
also shown an interest in the technology.
However, it is not yet clear whether the technology will
succeed in the market in the presence of competition
from other quarters such as hard drives, flash storage,
and holographic storage.

BASIC COMPONENTS
Optical data storage system requires certain important
materials for its data storage and retrieval processes. The
important components required for the optical data storage
are:
Laser
Lens and Mirrors
Spatial Light Modulators (SLM)
Photosensitive materials
Charge Coupled Devices (CCD)

LASER
LASER ( light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation ) is a
device for the generation of coherent, nearly monochromatic and highly
directional electromagnetic radiation emitted, somewhere in the range from
sub-millimeter through ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths.
>

More than two hundred types of lasers have been fabricated which range in
power, size, performance, use and cost
>

LENS AND MIRROR

Mirrors are used to reflect laser beams to the desired direction.
Lenses are usually used to converge the laser to a point.
>

>

A special type of lens is used in the case of optical recording

called the Fourier lens.
The lens has the property of obtaining the Fourier transform and
the inverse transform system is described below:

lens as a Fourier transform system

SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR

SLM is an optical device that is used to convert the real
image or data into a single beam of light that will intersect
with the reference beam during recording.
It basically consists of an array of pixels which are usually
microscopic shutters or LCD displays. These can be controlled
by a computer. The computer sends binary data to the SLM.
>

PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS
Photo refractive crystals
Photo polymer

PHOTO REFRACTIVE CRYSTAL

The two main classes of materials used for the
holographic storage medium are photo refractive
crystals and photo polymers.
The recording medium usually used is a photo
refractive crystal such as Lithium niobate (LiNbO3)
or Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) that has certain optical
characteristics.
These characteristics include high efficiency, high
resolution, permanent and fast storage.
Photo refractive crystals are suitable for random access
memory with periodic refreshing of data, and can be
erased and written to many times.

PHOTO POLYMER
Photo polymer are also used as holographic data
storage medium in this technique
>

Typically the thickness of the photopolymers is much

less than the thickness of photo refractive crystals
because the photopolymers are limited by
mechanical stability and optical quality.
>

photopolymers are suited for read only memory

(ROM).
>

Charge Coupled Devices(CCD)

The charge-coupled device is the most common mechanism for
converting optical images to electrical signals.
CCDs are silicon devices, which contain an array of potential
wells created through a series of column.
Each pixel is typically 15 to 30 m square. Current CCDs have
formats or resolution better than 2048 *2048 pixels, with a size
of about 25mm square.

PROCESSES FOR CREATING WRITTEN DATA

& READING DATA
Data recording in a 3D optical storage medium
requires that a change take place in the medium
upon excitation.
Generally a photochemical reaction.
If the photochemical change is reversible, then
rewritable data storage may be achieved, at least
in principle
Instead of causing a photochemical change in the
media the laser causes fluorescence.
This is achieved e.g. by using a lower laser power
or a different laser wavelength.
The intensity or wavelength of the fluorescence is
different depending on whether the media has
been written at that point, and so by measuring
the emitted light the data is read

ADVANTAGES
Durability. With proper care, optical media can last a long time,
depending on what kind of optical media you choose.
Great for archiving. Several forms of optical media are write-once
read-many, which means that when data is written to them, they
cannot be reused. This is excellent for archiving because data is
preserved permanently with no possibility of being overwritten.
Transportability. Optical media are widely used on other platforms,
including the PC. For example, data written on a DVD-RAM can be
read on a PC or any other system with an optical device and the
same file system.
Random access. Optical media provide the capability to pinpoint a
particular piece of data stored on it, independent of the other data on
the volume or the order in which that data was stored on the volume

DISADVANTAGES
Reusable. The write-once read-many (WORM)
characteristic of some optical media makes it
excellent for archiving, but it also prevents you from
being able to use that media again.
Writing time. The server uses software compression
to write compressed data to your optical media. This
process takes considerable processing unit resources
and may increase the time needed to write and
restore that data.

CONCLUSION
. 3D optical data storage or holographic data storage
are now in state of prototyping and research.
Ultra HD sony and other big companies are
interested in this technology.
This analysis shows that a light field in such a
structure can be localized in a sub wavelength-size
area, suggesting a new way of arranging threedimensional optical-memory devices.

REFERENCES
Wikipedia/3D optical data storage.
Dictionary.com.
Slideshare.com.

THANK YOU!!