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Sharing our Guidance

Duct System Sizing

Duct System Sizing


HVAC Design
Sources
ASHRAE Fundamentals
SMACNA HVAC Systems Duct Design
Carrier System Design Manuals
and TES

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Duct System Sizing


HVAC Design Overview duct
systems)

HVAC Load Calculations


Zoning
Prelim equip layout and selection
Diffuser/Grille Layouts
Ductwork Layout
Ductwork system design
Fan/Equipment Selection

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Duct System Sizing


Ductwork Design Basics
HVAC duct systems deliver air from fan to
diffusers, which distribute air to space
Fan creates a pressure difference which moves
air
Duct layout/sizing is related to this pressure
difference
Goal:
size ductwork to minimize pressure drops,
while keeping costs installation/material
costs down.

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Duct System Sizing


Ductwork Design System
Pressure

Total Pressure = Static Pressure + Velocity


Pressure
Static & velocity pressures vary throughout
system depending on size of duct and airflow
Total pressure decreases in system due to
friction

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Duct System Sizing


System Pressure Changes

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Duct System Sizing


Fan Selection
Type of application/system/fan
Airflow (CFM)
External Static Pressure Calculation
Total Static Pressure (manuf driven, not typically
used in selection)

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Duct System Sizing


External Static Pressure
Calculation

Static pressure beyond HVAC equipment


System static pressure determined from all
friction losses
Created by straight duct
Elbow/fittings
Duct Accessories

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Duct System Sizing


Design Methods
Equal Friction
Static Regain
Other (per SMACNA)
Extended plenum
Velocity
T-method
Total Pressure
Constant Velocity

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Duct System Sizing


Duct Sizing Methods
Equal Friction Method
Most common Method
low pressure systems
supply, exhaust & return air
Friction loss per length of duct is determined to
be a constant value.
Ex: 0.1 of wc per 100 of duct
Total system losses of ductwork = (total
equivalent duct system length ) * (friction loss)
Equivalent length =
all straight duct + equivalent lengths of
elbow, fittings, etc.

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Duct System Sizing


Duct Sizing Methods
Static Regain

Complicated design for systems with


high pressure and high velocity
systems
Typically supply only

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Duct System Sizing


Duct Sizing Methods
Velocity Method

Velocity assigned to each section of


duct with a known airflow, area
determined from that.
Calculate friction loss from tables &
charts based on now determined area
and length of duct.

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Duct System Sizing


Design Layout
Clearances
Ceiling heights
Floor to floor height
Type of structure (beams, joists, etc)
Coordination with other obstacles
Piping
Lights
Other Ductwork
Velocity and related noise

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Duct System Sizing


Air Velocity
Common Duct Velocities for standard low
pressure/low velocity systems

Supply/Return Shafts
2000 fpm
max
Supply/Return Mains
1500 fpm
max
Supply/Return Branch ducts
1200
fpm max
Lower velocities may be required in noise
sensitive areas.

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Duct System Sizing


Air Velocity

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Duct Sizing Concepts
Use even duct sizes (ex: 24/12)
Branch ducts ideally should be 2 shorter than duct
main
(ex: 12 deep duct should have no more than 10
deep takeoff)
Exception: some fittings available for same size
takeoffs
Internal duct insulation: 1 reduces 2 total of
ductwork dimensions
Coordinate exposed ductwork as it may be preferred to
be round, spiral and/or painted by client or architect.
Keep duct aspect ratios less than 4:1. (Square or
Round is ideal.)

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Duct System Sizing


Rectangular Duct Elbows

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Turning Vanes

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Elbows Equivalent Duct Lengths

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CONCLUSION . . .

THANK YOU.

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