TEKNIK PENUKAR KALOR

PLATE FINS HEAT EXCHANGER

AND
COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER

OLEH
RANGGA PRATAMA
05171013

DOSEN PEMBIMBING : ISKANDAR .R. MT

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 Introduction
A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient HE from one
medium to another, whether the media are separated by a solid
wall so that they never mix, or the media are in direct contact. That
have different temperature

Type of heat exchanger

1. Shell and tube HE
2. Plate and panels HE
3. Double pipe HE
4. Plate and frame HE
5. Spiral plate HE
6. Plate fins HE
7. Tube fins HE
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 plate-fin heat exchanger
plate-fin heat exchanger is a type of Heat exchanger
design that uses plates and finned chambers to transfer heat
between fluids
It is often categorized as a compact heat exchanger to
emphasise its relatively high Heat exchanger surface area to
volume ratio. The plate-fin heat exchanger is widely used in
many industries, including the aerospace industry for its
compact size and lightweight properties, as well as in
cryogenics where its ability to facilitate heat transfer with
small temperature differences is utilized

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Design of plate-fin heat exchangers

A plate-fin heat exchanger is comprised of layers of corrugated

sheets separated by flat metal plates, typically aluminium, to
create a series of finned chambers. Separate hot and cold fluid
streams flow through alternating layers of the heat exchanger and
are enclosed at the edges by side bars. Heat is transferred from
one stream through the fin interface to the separator plate and
through the next set of fins into the adjacent fluid. The fins also
serve to increase the structural integrity of the heat exchanger and
allow it to withstand high pressures while providing an extended
surface area for heat transfer.

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 Elemen dasar dari plate fins heat exchanger

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 Sistem aliran fluida

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 Type of plate fins heat exchanger
1. Plane triangular fin
2. Plane rectangular fin
3. Wavy fin
4. Offset strip fin
5. Pin fin
6. Multilouver fin
7. Round perforated fin

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 Pin fins Plain rectangular fins

Offset strip fins Multilouver fins

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 Wavy fins

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 Aluminium Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger

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 Plate-fin heat exchangers have a wide range of
applications :

1. Natural gas liquefaction

2. Cryogenic air separation
3. Ammonia production
4. Offshore processing
5. Nuclear engineering
6. Syngas production

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 The main four type of fins are:
1. plain (Datar), which refer to simple straight-finned
triangular or rectangular designs
2. Herringbone(sirip ikan), where the fins are placed
sideways to provide a zig-zag pathand
3. serrated (bergigi)
4. perforated (dilobangi) ,which refer to cuts and
perforations in the fins to augment flow distribution and
improve heat transfer.

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 Plain fins Herring bone fins

Serrated fins
Perforated fins
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 Kegunaan dari fins (sirip)
1. Untuk memperluas daerah perpindahan panas
2. Untuk media menyalurkan panas antara fluida
yang bekerja

Proses penyambungan antara sirip dengan plat antara lain

1. Solderring
2. Braazing
3. pengelasan

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 Type fluid flow of plate fins HE
1. Paralel flow ( searah)

1. Counter flow ( berlawanan arah)

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 3. Cross flow Heat exchanger

4. cross-counter flow

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 Perpindahan panas yang terjadi ada 2

1. Konveksi, antar fluida pada plat dan sirip

2. Konduksi, antara sirip dengan plat

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 Efisiensi fins

bulk fluid temperature − mean surfacetemp

fin eff (η f ) =
bulk fluid temperature − base surfacetemp

Efisiensi total

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 Laju perpindahan kalor pada plate fins HE
Ada 2 metoda yaitu LMTD dan NTU

1. LMTD
(Thi-Tci)-(Tho-Tco)
∆Tln =
 Thi-Tci 
ln  
 Tho-Tco 
Q = U 0 A0 ∆Tln

2.E- NTU

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 Perbandingan efisiensi plate fin heat exchanger deanagan
tube fin dan oil coolers

effisiensi

Aliran fluida

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 Keuntungan dari plate fins heat exchanger

1. Bisa digunakan untuk fluida yang berbeda fasa,

kombinasi gas dan fluida
2. Koefisien perpindahan panas besar, karena luas
permukaan panas besar akibat adanya penambahan
fins atau sirip.
3. Tidak membutuhkan lahan yang luas untuk instalasi
atau pemasangan alat

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 Kekurangan plate fins heat exchanger

1. Tingkat pengotoran tinggi karena banyak terdapat saluran

saluran kecil
2. Membersihkan harus secara kimia dengan mengunakan
zat berupa pembersih yang dapat mengikis pengotor dan
tidak bisa dibersihkan secara mekanik
3. Konstruksi rumit
4. Harga relatif mahal terhadap type lain

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 PERHITUNGAN PERPINDAHAN PANAS
DAN EFESIENSI PADA FIN
• Q fin = A.k.θ0.m.tanh(mL)
= θ0 (PhkA)½ tanh (mL)

• Qideal = PLhθ0
• P = perimeter
• L = length
• A = area
• m = (Ph/Ak)½

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 • Θ0 = T0 - T∞
• K = Thermal conductivity
• Fin efesiensi = ξ = Q fin / Qideal
= tanh (mL) / mL

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 COMPACT HEAT
EXCHANGER

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 The ratio of the heat transfer surface area on one side of the
heat exchanger to the volume can be used as a measure of the
compactness of a heat exchanger

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 Construction Types of
Compact Heat Exchangers

1. Tube-fin
2. Plate-fin
3. Regenerators

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 1. Tube Fin Heat Exchanger

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 Tube Layout

1. Inline
if the air stream is laden with dust and
abrasive particles etc., in-line layout is
preferred, being less affected and having
ease of cleaning.

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 Tube-fin layout: inline

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 2. Staggered

The only construction difference between these

two is that in the staggered arrangement each
alternate row is shifted half a transverse pitch,
and the two arrangements differ in flow dynamics.
Due to compactness and higher heat transfer, the
staggered layouts are mostly used.

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 Tube-fin layout: staggered.

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 Aplications

• Tube-fin exchangers are extensively used as

condensers and evaporators in air-
conditioning
• refrigeration applications, for cooling of water
or oil of vehicular or stationary internal
combustion engines
• air-cooled exchangers in the process and
power industries.

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 2. Plate Fin Heat Exchanger

Plate-fin heat exchangers are a form of

compact heat exchanger consisting of a
stack of alternate flat plates called “parting
sheets” and fin corrugations, brazed
together as a block.

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 Fin geometry selection
Plate-fin surfaces have
• plain triangular,
• plain rectangular,
• wavy,
• offset-strip,
• louver,
• perforated,
• orpin fin geometries.

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 SURFACE GEOMETRICAL RELATIONS

1. Surface Geometrical Parameters

Hydraulic Diameter, Dh

where A = total heat transfer area,

A0 = free flow area,

L = flow length,
The hydraulic radius rh is given by Dh/4.

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 Surface Area Density α and σ
The ratio of the total heat-transfer surface area
on one side of the exchanger to total volume of
the exchanger by α, and the ratio of the free
flow area to the frontal area by σ.Thus,

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 From the definition of hydraulic diameter Dh,
the relation between hydraulic diameter,
surface area density α, and σ is given by

and

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 2. Tubular Heat Exchangers
Tube Inside

where L2 = the core length for flow normal to the tube bank

L3 = no-flow dimension

Pt = The lateral pitch

Pl = longitudinal pitch

No = The total number of tubes

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 The geometrical properties of interest for
analysis are

Total heat transfer area A = πd1L1N1

Minimum free flow area A,, = (π/4)d12N1
Hydraulic diameter Dh =d1
Tube length for heat transfer =L1
Tube length for pressure drop =L1 + 2Th

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 Tube Outside

where L3 = no-flow dimension

Pt = The lateral pitch
No = The total number of tubes

The total heat-transfer area consists of the area consists of

the area associated with the tube outside surface, given by

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 The minimum free flow area A0 frontal area Afr , the ratio of free flow
area to frontal area σ, and hydraulic diameter Dh are given by

where A0 = The minimum free flow area

A fr = Frontal area

σ = The ratio of free flow area to frontal area

Dh = hydraulic diameter
Flow length for pressure drop calculation =L2
Heat exchanger volume V =L IL2L3

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 SEKIAN
DAN
TERIMA KASIH

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