A

Seminar
on

High voltage testing of

Electrical Transformer

R.VENKAT: 12P71A0224

CONTENTS
Introduction
Types

of transformer and HV transformer

of testing of transformer and explain with

detail
Advantages

of HV testing of transformer

Disadvantages of HV testing of transformer

Conclusion

What is Transformer ?

Transformer is an electrostatic device which

transfer electrical energy one circuit to another
circuit by magnetic flux without change of
frequency . Transformer has based on principle
of electromagnetic induction(EMI).

Formula used as measured a value,

Vs / V p = Ns / N p = I p / Is

HIGH VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER

High voltage transformers convert voltages from

one level or phase configuration to another,
usually from higher to lower.

They can include features for electrical isolation,

power

distribution,

and

control

and

instrumentation applications.

High voltage transformers usually depend on

the principle of magnetic induction between coils
to convert voltage and current levels .

TYPES OF HV TESTING OF
ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER
1.

Partial discharge test

2.

Impulse transformer test

3.

Transformer turns ratio test

4.

Insulation resistance test

5.

Routine test

6.

Temperature rise of oil testing of transformer

PARTIAL DISCHARGE TEST

Partial discharge is a small localised dielectric

breakdown of an electrical insulation system
under high voltage stress.

Each discrete partial discharge is the result of an

electrical breakdown of an air pocket within the
insulation.

These

discharges

erode

insulation

eventually result in insulation failure.

and

IMPULSE TRANSFORMER
TEST

This test is made to prove that the transformer

insulation will withstand voltage surges which
may be caused by lightning or switching.

This includes insulation to ground, insulation

between turns and windings, and the flashover
value of the associated bushings.

A high-voltage wave of standard values, and

approximating a lightning surge, is imposed on
the unit to be tested.

By a lightning pulse method used as measured for

impulse transformer testing followed as full wave,
half wave and front of wave show in Fig.4.

Fig.4:- Graph between ultra frequency and time

TRANSFORMER TURNS
RATIO TEST

The Transformer Turns Ratio test is used to

make sure that the Turns Ratio between the
winding of the transformer is correct.

With this information, you can decide what the

output voltage of the transformer will be. The
ratio is calculated under no-load conditions using
formula given below,
V pri /V sec = Z pri/ Z sec = (N pri /N sec )2

INSULATION RESISTANCE
TEST
(IR VALUE TEST)

Insulation

ages

and

deteriorates

because

of

moisture, dust and electrostatic stress. Insulation

should be monitored continually to avoid sudden
failure of the equipment.

An insulation resistance test detects insulation

quality within the transformer.

The conductive impurities or mechanical flows in

the dielectric can be analysis based on this test.

CONNECTION OF IR VALUE
TESTING DIAGRAM

Fig.6:- IR Value testing connection

diagram

Normally, MEGGERS have a test voltage of

500V , 2500V , or 5000V .

IR between HV and LV as well as windings to

earth.

Minimum IR value for Tap changer is 1000 ohm

per volt service voltage

FACTORS AFFECTING ON IR
VALUE OF TRANSFORMER

The IR value of transformers are influenced by

Surface condition of the terminal bushing.

Quality of oil.

Quality of winding insulation.

Temperature of oil.

Duration of application and value of test voltage.

ROUTINE TEST FOR

TRANSFORMER
A Routine test of transformer is mainly for confirming
operational performance of individual unit in a
production lot. Routine tests are carried out on every
unit manufactured.
All transformers are subjected to the following
Routine tests:

Insulation resistance Test.

Winding resistance Test.

Turns Ratio / Voltage ratio Test

Polarity / Vector group Test

Open circuit and short circuit Test.

Continuity Test.

High Voltage Test.

Partial discharge Test.

Separate source AC voltage.

Induced overvoltage.

Lightning impulse Tests.

On -load tap changers Test.

TEMPERATURE OIL
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER

Temperature rise test of oil of Transformer is

included in type test of transformer.

In this test we check whether the temperature

rising limit of transformer winding and oil as per

specification or not.
Faults detects at above 75C by the help of
Buchholz relay and work as ALARM and TRIP
circuit.

ADVANTAGES OF HV
TESTING TRANSFORMER

Pure conductivity by IR Value test.

Controlling of HV surges by Impulse test.

Removing of discrete waveform by the help of

Partial Discharge test.

Terminals has used connected correctly by

Transformer Turns Ratio test.

Units measured a correctly and manufacturing

defect check by Routine test.

DISADVANTAGES OF HV
TESTING OF TRANSFORMER

After failure, transformer is removed and replaced

with new/repaired one without removing the cause of
failure which results in immediate or short time
failure.

Insufficient Oil level.

Faulty operation of tap changer switch.

Lack of installation checks.

Prolonged Over loading.

CONCLUSION

Knowledge of the construction of high voltage test

transformers, their design and use in high voltage
testing system gives the solution of the most
adjustment transformer in respect of parameters
and prices.

HV testing are main advantages of

safety ,

higher efficiency , lower cost ,savings of energy ,

avoiding of failures ,trouble shooting for failure
detection , accurate detection , quality assurance.

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