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What is a transformer?
A transformer changes or
transforms an alternating voltage to
higher or lower alternating voltage

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Working Principle of a
transformer?
A transformer is a static piece of apparatus
by means of which electric power in one
circuit is transformed to electric power of
the same frequency in another circuit.
It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit
but with the corresponding decrease or
increase in current.
The physical basis of a transformer is
mutual inductance between two circuits
linked by a common magnetic flux.
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Working Principle of a transformer?
A transformer is consists of two inductive
coils which are electrically separated but
magnetically linked through path of low
reluctance.
A transformer
transfers electric power from one circuit to
another
It does so without a change of frequency
It accomplishes this by electromagnetic
induction and
Where the two electric circuits are in
mutual inductive influence of each other.
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Construction of a transformer?
A transformer is consists of two
inductive coils having mutual
inductance and a laminated steel core.
The two coils are insulated from each
other and the steel core.
Other parts of transformer is
Some suitable container for assembled
core and windings.
Suitable medium for insulating the core
and its windings from its container.
Suitable bushings for insulating and
bringing out the terminals of windings
from the tank.
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Construction of a transformer?
Transformers are of two general
types, distinguished from each other
merely by the manner in which the
primary and secondary coils are
placed around the laminated steel
core.
Two types are
Core type
Shell-type

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Construction of a transformer?
Core type
In this type the windings surround a
considerable part of the core.

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(Mutual flux)

L.V Winding

H.V Winding
Laminated core

Construction of a transformer?
Core type
In this type the windings surround a
considerable part of the core.

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(Mutual flux)

L.V Winding

H.V Winding
Laminated core

Construction of a transformer?
Categories
Core type
Distributed Core type

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(Mutual flux)

L.V Winding

H.V Winding
Laminated core

Construction of a transformer?
Coils used are form wound and are of the
cylindrical type.
General form of these coils may be circular or
oval or rectangular
The circular cylindrical coils are used in most
of the core type transformers because of their
mechanical strength.
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(Mutual flux)

L.V Winding

H.V Winding
Laminated core

Construction of a transformer?
Since the low-voltage winding is easiest to
insulate, it is placed nearest to the core.

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Construction of a transformer?
Shell - type
In this type the core surrounds a considerable
portion of the winding.

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Construction of a transformer?
The choice of core or Shell type construction
is usually determined by cost because similar
characteristics can be obtained with both
types.

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Construction of a transformer?
Another means of classifying the transformer
is according to the type of cooling employed
Oil filled self cooled
Oil filled water cooled
Air blast type

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Oil filled self cooled Transformers

Small and medium size distribution
transformers

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Oil filled Water cooled Transformers
Construction of very large self cooled
transformers is expensive, a more economical
form of construction for such large transformer is
provided in the oil immersed, water cooled type.
A cooling coil through which cold water is kept
circulating

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Oil filled Air blast Transformers
Transformers which are cooling by air means
of blowers

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Why do we transmit
power at high voltages?

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Why the efficiency of the
transformer is high?

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What is the meaning of step
up transformer and the step
down transformers?

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What is turns ratio?
What is Voltage ratio?
What is current ratio?

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Which winding of the transformer

is nearer to the core and Why?

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What is an eddy current?

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What for Transformer oil is
used in a transformer?

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What for conservator is
used in a transformer?

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What is skirt in an insulator and
why such shape is used?

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Why the transformers
are rated in KVA?

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What is ONAN and

ONAF?

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What is it means 20/25 MVA
transformers?

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What is it means in Transformers
Delta- Delta, Delta-Star, StarStar, and star- Delta,
Delta- Delta 1, Delta- Star1,
Delta- delta6, Delta- Star 6,
Delta- delta11, Delta- Star 11?

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What is an iron loss?
How do we measure it?

What is copper loss?

How do we measure it?

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Why a tap changer is required
in a transformer?

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What is meant by off- load or
no-load tap changer?

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What is meant by on-load tap
changer?

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Accessories of the transformer
Oil and winding temperature
indicators.
Oil level gauge.
Pressure indicator
Pressure relief valve
Buchholz relay
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What is the percentage
impedance of a transformer?

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What is an auto
transformer?

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What are the conditions for

parallel operation of transformers?

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What are the various tests
conducted on a transformers?

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What is mean by oil

Filtration?

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What are the maintenance to be

carried out on a transformer?

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What is Potential/ Voltage

transformer and its use?

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What it means?
Class of Insulation
Burden

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