178408

A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE

Engr. Buduka Stanley, Energia Limited

Slide 2

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Introduction
Concept of material balance equation
Rational of study
Mathematical model
Graphical approach
Case study
Conclusion

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 3

INTRODUCTION
One of the goals of a reservoir engineer is to obtain relevant data to estimate the
hydrocarbon initially in place.
Prior to the estimation; when the oil block is acquired, it sounds interesting to the
geologists and reservoir engineers who carry out evaluation on the prospect and
importantly to the owners of the block.
At the onset, it looks as if the reservoir is filled with large bubbles of oil which is
contrary to what is obtainable in reality.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 4

INTRODUCTION CONTD
The oil and gas in the reservoirs is actually distributed through the pore space
between sand grains in the reservoir layers.
Hence, one of the fundamental challenges before the geophysicists, reservoir
engineers and geologists is the ability for this integrated team to work
harmoniously to obtain a near-exact value of the oil in place before field
development and optimization start.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 5

INTRODUCTION CONTD
There are several methods of estimating hydrocarbon volume among
these techniques is the material balance method which has some
limitations though can be used as a pre-processing tool to infer:
Fluid in place, drive mechanisms and identify aquifer for a more
sophisticated tool reservoir simulation which gives insight into dynamic
rock and fluid properties for evaluation of past reservoir performance,
prediction of future reservoir performance, and reserve estimation.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 6

CONCEPT OF MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION

The material balance equation is a complex equation for calculating the original
oil in place, cumulative water influx and the original size of the gas cap as
compared to the oil zone size.
This complexity prompted Havlena and Odeh (1963) to express the MBE in a
straight line method which involved rearranging the MBE into a linear equation.
The straight lines method requires the plotting of a variable group against
another variable group selected depending on the drive mechanism and if linear
relationship does not exist, then this deviation suggests that reservoir is not
performing as anticipated.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 7

CONCEPT OF MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION CONTD

The straight line method considered the underground recoverable F, gas cap
expansion function Eg, dissolved gas-oil expansion function Eo, water drive and
rock contraction function Efw as variable for plotting by considering the cumulative
production at each pressure.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 8

RATIONAL OF STUDY
The alternative Havlena and Odeh MBE model take a step up by considering the
reservoir average production rate per day as against cumulative production and
use it to build the F function while the time remain as an independent variable,
making the plot a time function plot.
The advantage and elegance of this can be more appreciated after a case is
entreated and worked out by it.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 9

MATHEMATICAL MODEL
The Original Havlena and Odeh Model
The MBE for saturated reservoir written in symbols is

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 10

MATHEMATICAL MODEL CONTD

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 11

MATHEMATICAL MODEL CONTD

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 12

GRAPHICAL APPROACH
Hence
A plot of F against Eo/tj should result in a straight line scattered data point at the
initial state and stabilize into a linear form with N being the slope. It should be
noted that the origin is not a must point.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 13

GRAPHICAL APPROACH CONTD

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 14

GRAPHICAL APPROACH CONTD

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 15

GRAPHICAL APPROACH CONTD

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 16

CASE STUDY
Ouro Prieto reservoir which is an undersaturated reservoir with active water drive
is considered with a comprehensive analysis of fluid data before building the
material balance model.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 17

CASE STUDY CONTD

Figure 1: Original material balance using F against E0

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 18

CASE STUDY CONTD

Figure 2: Alternative material balance model using the proposed model

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 19

CASE STUDY CONTD

Table 1: Result from models

Original MBE

Initial oil in place

2,303,332.45

2,213,838.27

96.83

1.997

Intercept
SSE

Alternative MBE

0.043%

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 20

CONCLUSION
Careful interest should be paid to issues relating to inconsistent average
production rate and also uncertainty in the fluid properties
The model is more applicable for newly discovered reservoir with less
information on future production data provided fluid data from nearby reservoir
with similar reservoir characteristics are available
The model duly served as a check to the original material balance havlena
and Odeh straight line MBE, therefore can be used to validate simulation
result.

178408 A time function Havlena and Odeh MBE Buduka Stanley

Slide 21