Dated: 2112-2013
Introduction
A spillway is an integral part of a Dam (large wall built to hold back
water usually across rivers). A spillway is usually used to remove
excessive water from a reservoir to prevent overflow and to
release pressure on a dam from increasing quantities of water. It
is generally composed of four major components:
Control Structure
Discharge Channel
Terminal Structure
Entrance and outlet channels
Continued..
Uncontrolled Spillway:
An uncontrolled spillway, in contrast, does not have gates;
when the water rises above the lip or crest of the spillway
it begins to be released from the reservoir. The rate of
discharge is controlled only by the depth of water within
the reservoir. All of the storage volume in the reservoir
above the spillway crest can be used only for the
temporary storage of flood water, and cannot be used as
water supply storage because it is normally empty.
Sub classification
Each of controlled and uncontrolled spillways are
further classified on the basis of the their shapes,
structures and main working procedure.
1. Straight drop spillway (free over fall).
2 . Ogee spillway.
3 . Side channel spillway.
4 . Labyrinth spillway.
5 . Chute (open channel) spillway.
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6 . Conduit and Tunnel spill way.
7 . Baffled chute spill way.
8 . Culvert spill way.
Ogee Spillway
The ogee spillway has a control weir that is ogee shaped (s-shaped)
Labyrinth spillway
The concept behind labyrinth spillway is to provide added crest for a given
spillway width, so that less head is required to pass a given discharge.
Chute spillway
Rectangular depression
Triangular depression
Inclined tunnel