Temperature

Gas Laws
Boyles Law

definition
Charles
Law Pressure law
experiment

Absolute temperature
explanation
(kinetic theory)
Problem solving
2

Boyles Law

Boyles Law
Pressure and volume
are inversely related at
constant temperature.
PV = K
As one goes up, the other
goes down.
P1V1 = P2V2
Father of Modern Chemistry
Robert Boyle
Chemist & Natural Philosopher
Listmore, Ireland
January 25, 1627 December 30, 1690

Boyles Law: P1V1 = P2V2

Boyles Law: P1V1 = P2V2

BOYLES LAW

For a fixedP mass

of
gas,
the
1/V
pressure of the gas is
inversely
proportional
to
its
PV = k
volume when the
temperature is kept constant
8

Relationship between Pressure and Volume

The volume of a gas is decreased
The number of molecules
per unit volume increases
The molecules will collide more
frequently with the walls of the container
The rate of collision of molecules
with the walls increases

The pressure exerted by the

gas increases
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BOYLES law
experiment

10

INFERENCE:
The gas pressure is influenced by its volume when
the mass of a gas is fixed
HYPOTHESIS:
The gas pressure decreases when its volume increases
AIM:
To investigate the relationship between pressure and
volume of a fixed mass of air at a constant temperature.
VARIABLE:
i. MANIPULATED:
ii. RESPONDING:
iii. FIXED:

Volume of air
Pressure of air
Mass & temperature
of air
11

LIST OF APPARATUS

ARRANGMENT OF APPARATUS :
( LABELLED DIAGRAM)

12

PROCEDURE:

1. The apparatus is set-up as shown

2. The piston is adjusted until the volume of the
air trappad in the syringe is 5 cm3.
3. The pressure, P, of the air trapped is
measured using Bourdan gauge.
4. The procedure is repeated for V = 10 cm3, 15
cm3, 20 cm3 and 25 cm3.

13

TABLE:

Volume, V / cm3

Air pressure, P / Pa

5
10
15
20
25

14

GRAPH:
P / Pa

V / cm3

CONCLUSION:
The gas pressure decreases when its volume increases
Hypothesis accepted .
PRECAUTION:
Avoid parallax error by placing the eye such that
the line of view perpendicular to the scale 15
of the
Bourdon gauge

PV = k

For a fixed mass of gas,

the pressure of the gas is
inversely proportional to its volume
when the temperature is kept constant
16

17

Problem solving
The pressure of a bubble under the sea surface is 120 cm Hg.
When the bubble rises to the surface of the sea, its volume
becomes 25.0 cm3. Assuming that the atmospheric pressure is
76 cm Hg and there is no change in temperature, what is the
original volume of the bubble?
P2 = 76 cm Hg

Answer

V2 = 25.0 cm3

P1V1 =P2V2
(120 cmHg)V1 = (76 cmHg)(25.0 cm3)
V1 = 15.8 cm3
V1 = ?
P1 = 120 cm Hg

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Charles
Law
19

Charles Law
Volume of a gas varies
directly with the absolute
temperature at constant
pressure.
V = KT
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
Jacques-Alexandre Charles
Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor
Beaugency, France
November 12, 1746 April 7, 1823

Charles Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2

Charles Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2

Explanation (kinetic theory)

The gas is heated,
Temperature

Kinetic energy of molecules

and the molecules move faster
The molecules will collide
more frequently with the
walls of the container

Volume
Pressure constant23

CHARLES LAW

For a fixedVmass
of
gas,
the
T
volume of the gas is directly
V
V
proportional
toVits
absolute
1
2

k
temperature
when
its
T
T
T
1
2
pressure is kept constant
24

Stirrer

CHARLES law
experiment

Thermometer

Capillary
tube

Concentrated
Sulphuric acud

Ice

Air
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25

Charles Law Graph

(cm)
Absolute Vzero
(0 K = -273 C)

V (cm)

Temperature at which the

kinetic energy of gas particle is zero
Relationship between CELSIUS
and KELVIN SCALE temperature
T C = (T + 273) K
Ex: 57 C

+ 273) K
= (57K330
-273 C
Absolute zero

TT(C)
(K) T (C)
0
26

27

Example 1
A syringe contains 5 ml air at room
temperature 27 C. When it is kept
in the refrigerator, the temperature
of the trapped air decreases to 3 C.
Determine the new volume of the
trapped air.
Answer:
V1 = 5 ml
V2 = ?

V1 V2

T1 T2

T1 = (27 + 273) K
T2 = ( 3 + 273) K
V2 = 5 ml (3 + 273)K
(27 + 273)K
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Pressure
Law
29

PRESSURE LAW

For a fixed
P mass
T of gas,
the pressure of the gas is
directly proportional to
P
P
P
1
2
its absolute

k
T1 , when
T2
T
temperature
its volume is kept
30

To Bourdon Gauge
Thermometer

Ice

PRESSURE LAW
EXPERIMENT
Air

Water

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31

Explanation (kinetic theory)

The number of molecules per unit volume constant
(gas density)
The gas is heated
Temperature

Kinetic energy of molecules

and the molecules move faster
Distance between molecule same

Volume constant
The rate of collision between
gas molecule with the wall
increases
pressure

Force
Area

increases
32

Pressure Law

33

Example 1
At temperature 77 C, the
reading of the Bourdon gauge is
1.5 x 105 Pa. Calculate the
reading of Bourdon at 7 C.
Jawapan:
P1 = 1.5 x 105 Pa T1 = (77 + 273) = 350 K
P2 = ?
T2 = ( 7 + 273) = 280 K

P1 PP2 2 = 1.5 x 105 Pa (77 + 273)K

(7 + 273)K
T1 T2
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QUESTION

35

QUESTION 1
The volume of an air bubble at a
50 m deep seabed is 250 cm. If
the atmospheric pressure is 10 m
of water, find the volume of the
air bubble when it reaches the
surface of the sea.

36

QUESTION 2
A mixture of air and petrol
vapour is injected into the
cylinder of a car engine when the
volume of the cylinder is 100
cm. Its pressure is 1.0 atm. The
valve is closed and the mixture is
compressed to 20 cm. Find the
pressure now.
37

QUESTION 3
A gas of volume 20 m at 37 C is
heated until its temperature
becomes 87 C at constant
pressure. What is the increase in
volume?

38

QUESTION 4
The air pressure in a container at
33 C is 1.4 10 N m. The
container is heated until the
temperature is 55 C. What is the
final air pressure if the volume of
the container is fixed?

39

The End

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