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KKKW 4014 : SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
FACILITY IN UKM

1. INTRODUCTION

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
FACILITY
Microorganisms break
downbiodegradablematerial in the absence
ofoxygen
To manage waste and/or to produce biogas

Used as part of the process to treat organic


waste

Widely used as a source ofrenewable


energy

2. THE LOCATION

GAS SCRUBBER
The existing Gas Scrubber for ADF in MAKMAL BIOSERASI,
UKM

GAS PIPE NETWORKS AND THE


GENERATOR
The generator will generate the biogas into electricity.

3. THE PROPOSED UNIT


OPERATION

Material
store

Preprocess

Mixer

Biogas
storage

Digestat
e
Condition
ing

Gas
scrubber

3.1 MATERIAL STORE

FUNCTION
To store waste materials
To ensure that the wastes are enclosed
within a safe area
To direct the wastes into the next
stage of ADF
To prevent disease transmission from
wastes

3.2 PRE-PROCESS

FUNCTION
Categorizing
a proportion
of each waste
stream

Reduce
waste
volumes

Facilitate its
handling

Reduce its
hazardous
nature

Enhance its
recovery

3.3 MIXER

PURPOSE
Provide good and direct contact
between the present
microorganisms and the substance
to be degraded.
Keep the solids in suspension and
prevent the depositing of solids at
the bottom.
Maintain an even temperature
distribution throughout the tank.
Prevent the formation of floating
sludge on the digester surface.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
No oxygen is allowed to leak into the digester
The shaft is equipped with a water lock to
avoid biogas leakage
Biogas mixed with air is explosive at certain
concentrations
The electrical equipment needs to comply
with special installation requirements at
hazardous areas around the digester

3.4 GAS SCRUBBER

PURPOSE
To purify a plume of
gases before being
released

Remove pollutants
from the plume

Allowing for the


venting of
harmless
compounds

Trap dangerous
ones for
sequestration and
disposal

Applied as emission
control technique at
various gaseous
emissions

ADVANTAGES
Broad application range
Very high disposal output
Compact installation and simply in
maintenance
Relatively simple technology
Can serve also as refrigeration for
warm gas flows

3.5 DIGESTATE
CONDITIONING

THE DIGESTATE
CONDITIONER
Manufactured and
transported to the plant
site in one piece
Limited in size and
volume
The feedstock flows
slowly from the entry side
to the discharge side
Forming a plug-flow,
streaming through the
digester.

THE PROCESS
The insulated digester is
equipped with a heating
system
The heating system consists
of stirring heat pipes, with
a warm water supply-drain
The arms of the paddle
stirrer are spirally arranged
on the stirring axle to ensure
an equal torque distribution
The big number of paddles is
able to transport sand fallout
to the drain tanks

Figure: Our proposed


digester design

MULTIPLE TANK SYSTEMS


Large farm scale codigestion plants usually
consist of several
digester tanks
They normally operated as
continuous flow system,
including one or several
main digesters and post
digesters.
The multiple tank system
can consists ofvertical
digesters only or a
combination of vertical and
horizontal digesters.

3.6 GAS STORAGE

FUNCTION

Produces biogas,
via the natural
anaerobic
decomposition of
organic material.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Biogas production is from codigestion of animal manure
and biogenic wastes
Will not result in new
routes of pathogen and
disease transmission

Can be prevented by
implementing standardized
veterinary safety measures

PARAMETERS FOR HYGIENIC


PERFORMANCE OF BIOGAS PLANTS
Temperature
Retention time
pH-value
Ammonia
content
Digester
system

4. IMPORTANCE OF ADF

THE IMPORTANCE
Provides alternative energy-food
waste highly biodegradable
Reducing the volume of refuse to
be sent away to the landfill-food
waste largest category MSW
Help to recycle food waste-food
waste often left out of recycling

5. ADVANTAGES OF ADF

THE ADVANTAGES
Greenhouse
gas emissions
are reducedfood waste
generates
methane

Odors
eliminatedfood waste
easily
degrades

Converts
biomass to
energy-solids
to gas

Preferred
waste
treatmentproduces
rather than
consumes

6. OVERALL AND CONCLUSION

OVERALL DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION
Considerab
le
reduction
in the
organic
load
Benefits in
economic,
agronomic and
environmental
concerns
Leads to
very high
rates of
purification

Lessen the
polluting
load of the
digested
sludge

THANK YOU
BY : NADIA VIVA. SHERRY. KAK TON. ILI WEASLEY

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