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Psychological Values

The Internal and External Values

External
Material and societal

Internal

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Psychological

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Psychological Values

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The core of human personality is

positive, basically socialized, forward
moving, rational and realistic.
The basic nature of human being,
when
functioning
freely,
is
constructive and trustworthy.
Carl Rogers, a prominent psychologist
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Psychological Values
Some of the characteristics of people
living good life is

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An increasing openness to experience

Increasing existential living (living life
fully in each moment)
An increasing trust in his own organism
i.e. in himself/herself.

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Motivation is the process that

account for an individuals intensity,
direction and persistence of effort
toward attaining a goal.
Intensity: is concerned with how
hard a person tries.
Direction: towards right path
Persistence:
long
term
determination
towards
goal
achievement.

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Motivation

Maslows Hierarchy of
needs
There is a hierarchy of five needs. As each need is
substantially satisfied, the next need becomes
dominant.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Higher Order
Internal

SelfActualization
Esteem
Social

Lower Order
External
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Safety
Physiological
6

Individuals
cannot move to
the next higher
level until all
needs at the
current (lower)
level are
satisfied
Must move in
hierarchical
order

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Assumptions

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A hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety,

social, esteem, and self- actualization, as each
need is satisfied, the next need becomes
dominant.
Lower-order needs: needs that are satisfied
externally, such as physiological and safety needs.
Higher-order needs: needs that are satisfied
internally, such as social, esteem, and selfactualization needs.
Lower level needs are more dominant. Higher level
needs arise only when the needs at the lower
have been satisfied.

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Satisfaction of one need level may not

decrease its importance, but increase
importance of next level needs.
Hierarchy of needs differs across
cultures.
Needs vary according to:
A persons career stage.
Organizational size.
Geographic location.

Physiological Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

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This includes hunger, clothing and

shelter needs.

Safety Needs
Security and protection from physical and
emotional harm.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

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SAFETY NEEDS

Social Needs
Affection, belonginess, acceptance and
friendship.
Social NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

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SAFETY NEEDS

Esteem Needs
Internal factors such as self-respect
and achievement, external factors
such as status, recognition and
achievements.
ESTEEM NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

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Social
NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS

NEED
FOR
SELF-

Man's tendency to actualize himself,

to become what he can

Self Actualization: drive to become what

one is capable of becoming includes growth,
achieving
ones
potential
and
self
achievement.
The highest level need of Human being is that
of self- actualization, i.e. to become
everything one is capable of becoming.

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ACTUALIZATION

Maslows Hierarchy of needs-Modified

Self
actualization
Aesthetic needs
Cognitive
needs
Esteem
Belongingness and love
needs
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Safety
Physiological

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Cognitive needs: Maslow believed that humans have the need to

increase their intelligence. Cognitive needs is the expression of
the natural human need to learn, explore, discover and create to
get a better understanding of the world around them.
Aesthetic needs: Based on Maslows beliefs, humans need to
refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while
carefully absorbing and observing their surroundings to extract
the beauty that the world has to offer. This need is a higher level
need to relate in a beautiful way with the environment and leads
to the beautiful feeling of intimacy with nature and everything
beautiful.

 The process of living & growing always involves

conflicts, stress and frustration. Our quality of
life, happiness are very much dependent upon
how we cope with these frustrations.
Those who fail to cope up with all these daily
issues develop several kinds of mental
illnesses.
Stress free
Free from illness
Etc.
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Mental Health

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Mentally healthy persons are able to

meet these challenges and find right
response to the problems of life.
Mental health is a positive capacity
for living and enjoying the good life.

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 Mentally healthy persons live the life by

their own ways and have control over
their mind.

1. Efficient perception of reality: they

live in the real world. Knows the values
of the society and have sense to
tackle the real world situations.

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Characteristics of mental health:

 Self-knowledge: this involves understanding of

our motives, feelings, preferences and values.
Understanding external reality is a difficult task
but knowing ones own self is still more difficult
task.

ones

own

Mentally healthy people do not underestimate

themselves therefore they are better achievers
and are more productive.

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Self-knowledge means knowing

weaknesses and strengths.

Eg: when faced an insulting remark it is

natural to be aggressive but a mentally
healthy will consciously choose how &
when to show their anger.
Mentally healthy people have control over
their thoughts.

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3. Ability to exercise control over

behavior: mentally healthy people are
able to control their mood, during negative
& socially disapproved behavior.

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4.
Self-esteem
and
acceptance:
mentally healthy people are able to
achieve social recognition and maintain
good image in the society. Selfactualized people are mentally healthy.
5.
Ability
to
form
loving
relationships: the quality of life is
very much dependent on the quality of
relationships we form with others.
In the absence of friendly and loving
relations life becomes boring and

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6. Productivity: utilizing time and

energy in useful and productive
activities. They have an enthusiasm for
living and show it by making positive
contributions for meeting the quality of
their own life.
They are not bored with life and do not
complain of lack of opportunities.
Rather they create such opportunities
for themselves & for others too.

Reference

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Tripathi A.N., Human Values, New Age

International (P) Ltd (2008).