(ENT600)
UNIT 2:
CREATIVITY, INNOVATION
IN
TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENT600/UNIT 2: CREATIVITY
Introduction
Discovery of opportunity at the right
time and place is the corner-stone of
any entrepreneurial success
Technopreneurs need to be creative in
discovering new opportunities (in terms
of products or services) either through
invention or innovation.
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
ENT600/UNIT 2: CREATIVITY
What is Creativity?
Creativity can be defined as the production of
new and useful ideas as well as the ability to
discover new ways of looking at problems and
opportunities.
It is the ability to use imagination to develop
new ideas, new things or new solutions. These
generation of ideas should lead to improve
efficiency or effectiveness of a system
(Adapted from Fredrick et al., 2006 and Dorf and Byers, 2005)
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Six Resources of
Creative Team/Enterprise
1. Knowledge in the required domain and fields i.e. indepth knowledge of your industry.
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Creativity Techniques
PROBLEM REVERSAL look at the opposite
of things, see things inside out, backwards or
upside down.
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ContCreativity Techniques
MIND MAPPING - starts in the centre of the page
with the main idea, and works outward in all
directions, producing a growing and organized
structure composed of key words and key images.
BRAINSTORMING generating ideas based on the
principle of suspending judgments.
LATERAL THINKING - exploring multiple possibilities
and approaches from different perspective rather
than pursuing in a conventional, logical, step by step
single approach. i.e. by changing concepts and
perceptions, and generating new ones.
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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1. KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge refers to a confident
understanding of a subject with the ability
to use it if applicable. It encompasses
expertise, skills, familiarity and practical
& theoretical understanding of a subject.
Knowledge is gained by an individual
through study or experience
Entrepreneurship Dept,
FBM (2009)
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3. MOTIVATION
Extrinsic Motivation
comes from outside a person,
motivation is a carrot or a stick
whether
the
Intrinsic Motivation
a persons internal desire to do something.
Satisfaction is derived from overcoming the challenge.
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or
Knowledge
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Blocks to Creativity
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What is Innovation?
Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurs,
the means by which they exploit change as an
opportunity for a different business or a different
service (Drucker, 1985).
Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to
problems and opportunities to enhance or to enrich
peoples lives
Entrepreneurs innovate by converting opportunities
into marketable ideas (Kuratko, 2004).
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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INTENSITY OF
INNOVATION
Incremental Innovation
Steady improvements
Based on sustaining
technologies
Obedience to cultural routines
and norms
Can be rapidly implemented
Immediate gains
Develop customer loyalty
Radical Innovation
Fundamental rethink
Based on disruptive
technologies
Experimentation and
play/make-believe
Need to be nurtured for long
periods
Worse initial performance,
potential big gains
Create new markets
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Impact of Innovation
Intensity on the Market
RADICAL INNOVATION
High market uncertainty
High technical uncertainty
High organization uncertainty
High resource uncertainty
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
ENT600/UNIT 2: CREATIVITY
LOW
UNCERTAINTY
INCREMENTAL INNOVATION
Low market uncertainty
Low technical uncertainty
Low organization uncertainty
Low resource uncertainty
HIGH
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1830-1900
1901-1939
Cotton gin
Telegraph
Air Conditioner
Practical
Steamboat
Vulcanized Rubber
First Flight
Safety Elevator
Model T (Ford)
Internal
Combustion Engine
Liquid fueled
Rockets
Telephone
FM Radio
Phonograph
Jet Engine
Radio
Xerography
Steam powered
locomotive for
passengers and
freight
Helicopter
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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1950-1969
1970 ->
Color TV
Sputnik 1 (USSR)
Microprocessor
General Purpose,
Electronic, Digital
Computer
NASA
Recombinant DNA
Integrated Circuit
Laser Printer
Supersonic Flight
Operable Laser
MRI Scanner
Transistor
Space Shuttle
Instant Camera
Telstar Satellite
Scanning Tunneling
Microscope
Jet Airliner
Fiber Optics
Apollo lX
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Sources of Innovation
Within the company or industry
Unexpected occurrence - unexpected discovery
such as penicillin
Incongruities the gap between what is and what
should be; arise whenever a difference exists
between expectations & reality.
Process needs require entrepreneurs to innovate
and answer a particular needs such as time-saving
devices
Structural change caused by industry and market
changes due to new developments such as
advances in technology.
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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ContSources of Innovation
Within the social environment
Demographic changes for example
changes in population, consumer preference
and geographical locations.
Perceptual changes perceptions can
cause mood swings and major changes in
ideas, for example fitness craze is resulted by
perceived needs to be healthy & physically fit
New knowledge the basis of development
of something brand new.
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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ENTREPRENEURIAL ENVIRONMENT
INVENTION
Ability to be
CREATIVE
Ability to spot
OPPORTUNITIES
INNOVATION
SUCCESS
Entrepreneurship Dept, FBM
(2009)
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