Pile on liquafiable soil

Presented by khope mekrisuh

MT/14/GTE/02

Introduction

Soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes results

complete loss of strength
stiffness in the liquefied soil
large lateral ground movement
Two type of displacement1. cyclic and 2. unilateral (both due to spreading

of liquefied soils and demage large properties)

Two types of lateral loads
kinematic loads due to lateral ground movement
inertial loads due to vibration of the structure

Pile foundations are commonly used to transfer

axial loads from a superstructure to the ground

Piles are used to support structures in areas of
seismic risk especially where the soils can
liquefy due to the seismic shaking
pile foundations in liquefiable soil are
susceptible to damage or failure
the structures in liquefied soil occurs tilting and
settlement
settlement of a pile due to
Axial compression of pile
Slip between soil-pile interface
Settlement of the soil mass as a whole

 The piles supporting the building passed

through liquefiable soils.

Fig 1 (a) Tilting of Customs Tower House (b) Schematic

diagram of failure of (a)

(c) Tilting of Pile-supported building

(d) Schematic diagram of

failure of (c).

PROBLEM DEFINITION

Engineers need to design a piled foundation

where the soil profile is layered and one of the

layers may liquefy

For Case I and Case II in figure 2, due to the

loss of shaft resistance in the liquefied layer,

the pile will settle but sudden collapse or
failure may be avoided if the pile is sufficiently
embedded in the non-liquefiable layer below
the liquefiable layer
For Case III and Case IV, where the pile rests
on liquefiable soil deposits, settlement or
tilting of the structure is inevitable. Structural
failures such as plastic hinges etc

A SIMPLE FRAMEWORK TO PREDICT

SETTLEMENT
A simple schematic diagram of a pilesupported building in two stages

Fig: Load transfer curve

Fig. Load-movement and load transfer

characteristics of an axially loaded pile

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

when the reduction in soil strength is about

30%, the pile will lose it bearing capacity and

will tilt or sink
the settlement of a pile due to loss of
effective stress owing to liquefaction

Thank
you

Reference
Reference
Bhattacharya, S. (2003). Pile instability during earthquake

liquefaction.
Hideaki, K. (1966).Soils and Foundations.
Ishihara, K. and Yoshimine, M. (1992). Evaluation of settlements in
sand deposits following liquefaction during earthquakes, Soils and
Foundations.
Zhou, S. G. (1981). Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake
Engineering and Soil Dynamics.
Cubrinovski, M., Kokusho, T. & Ishihara, K. 2006. Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering,
Kramer, S.L. 2008. Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering:
opportunities and implications for geotechnical engineering practice.
ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication.
Bhattacharya, S and Madabhushi, S.P.G. (2008), A critical review of
the methods for pile design in seismically liquefiable soils, Bulletin of
Earthquake Engineering.