Teknologi Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit (KI 1301) 3

sks

Bangkit Gotama
Program Studi Teknik Kimia
Jurusan Teknologi Industri dan Proses

Tatap Muka /
minggu

2 (3 x 50 menit) :
Senin (Sesi 4) dan Kamis (Sesi 4)

Total Tatap
Muka

32

Assesment
(Paper based
or paperless /
Google
Classroom)

Tugas Individu = 20%

Presentasi = 25%
UTS = 25%
UAS = 30%

Pustaka Utama
Corley, R.H.V., and Tinker, P.B. (2003), The Oil Palm, 4th edition,
Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Lai, O., Tan, C. and Akoh, C.C. eds (2012), Palm oil : Production,
Processing, Characterization and Uses; AOCS Press, Illinois.
Pustaka Pendukung
Related Journal
Metode Pembelajaran
Senin Kuliah
Kamis Presentasi Review Paper

Materi
Capaian Pembelajaran :
Mampu menjelaskan teknologi proses pengolahan kelapa sawit baik di
industri hulu maupun hilir melalui kinerja individu dan kelompok.
Pokok Bahasan
Palm Oil Introduction

Minggu ke1

Palm Oil Cultivation

2-3

Palm Oil Production (CPO & CPKO)

4-5

Palm Oil Refinery

Evaluasi Tengah Semester (ETS)

Waste and Environmental Management in Palm Oil

Industry

8-9

Palm Oleochemicals

10-11

Palm Bioenergy

12-13

Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Industry

14-15

Evaluasi Akhir Semester (EAS)

16

Introduction
History
Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is indigenous to West Africa the
main palm belt ran from Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Ivory Coast, Ghana
and Cameroon to the equatorial of the Republics of Congo and Zaire.
The development of oil palm as a plantation crop started in the
South East Asia; the first introduction of the African oil palm was
four seedlings from Mauritius and Amsterdam that were planted
in the Botanic Gardens in Bogor in 1848. The first commercial
oil palm plantation was established in Sumatra, Indonesia by M.
Palm Oil
Tree

Adrien Hallet, a Belgian agronomist with interests in the Belgian

Congo (Zaire).

Introduction
Taxonomy
Three species of palm oil :
- Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

African Palm Oil (cultivated on wide scale)

- Elaeis oleifera

American Palm Oil (for production E. guineensis

E.oleifera hybrids)
- Elaeis odora

South American
Another Species :
- E. madagascariensis Becc : from E. guineensis

Introduction
Species of E. guineensis
Within E. guineensis, several genetically distinct forms are recognized based
on the structure and coloration of the fruits.
The major structural character is the thickness of the shell or endocarp
that surrounds the seed or kernel. Three main forms are generally recognized
:
- dura (thick-shelled, 2-8mm)
- tenera (medium or thin-shelled; 0,5 -3mm)
- pisifera (shell-less, no endocarp, 95% mesocarp)
There is also a fourth type, termed macrocarya with a very thick stony
endocarp that is taken to represent an extreme form of the dura but which
otherwise has no genetic significance. It is the crosses between dura
and pisifera that result in tenera hybrids that are the basis of modern
plantations.

Introduction
Dura vs Tenera

Introduction
Species of E. guineensis
Other distinctions occur in the external coloration of the fruits. There are
3 main forms:
- nigrescens, being the most common with violet to black unripe fruits
turning at maturity to reddish orange with a brown cap (rubro-nigrescens)
or paler orange with a black cap (rutilo-nigrescens)
- virescens, with unripe green fruits and light reddish orange ripe fruits
with a small greenish tip
- albescens, with deep green unripe fruits becoming pale yellow or ivory
with apical green or black cap as they ripen.
As might be expected, the three forms differ in their chemical composition,
such as carotene and anthocyanin contents.

Introduction
Palm Oil Fruits

Palm Oil Fruit

Bunch

Palm Oil Fruit

Palm Kernel

Introduction
Palm Oil Fruits

Introduction
Characteristics of Palm Oil
The oil palm produces two types of oils, palm oil from the fibrous mesocarp
and

lauric

oil

from the palm kernel.

Palm Oil products :
- Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

: from fibre / mesocarp

- Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO)

: from kernel

Fractionation of CPO and CPKO in the refinery produces the liquid stearin
fraction and a solid stearin component.

Introduction
Characteristics of Palm Oil

Introduction
Process Production of Palm Oil

Introduction
Production of Palm Oil

Introduction
Production of Palm Oil

Introduction
Palm Oil Derivatives Products

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