FFC v5.0 06 Flow Physics

Flow Physics
Introduction to FLUENT
for CATIA V5
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Introductory Training, December 2009
Fluent for Catia Support center

http://www.fluentusers.com/ffc
Agenda
Training Manual
The Physical Model Definition Panel

Thermal Effects
Flow Type
Turbulence Models
Setting Default Turbulence Model
Compressibility and Natural Convection
Natural Convection
Species Transport and Cavitation
Setting Up Species Transport
Setting Up Cavitation
Setting Up VOF
Patching and Open Channel Flow
Periodic Flows
Moving Reference Frames: SRF and MRF
Setting up Moving Reference Frames

Sliding (Moving) Mesh Simulations
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The Physical Model Definition Panel
Training Manual
The Physical Model Definition panel is

accessed by double clicking the Physics
Definition under Environment of the
specification tree or the corresponding
icon in the FFC workbench.
The Physical Model Definition panel
allows users to specify if:
Temperature effects need to be accounted.
Heat Conduction in solid materials is to be
considered.
Whether the flow is laminar, turbulent or
inviscid.
Specify the turbulence model if needed.
If natural convection or varying fluid
density is to be included.
Whether the calculation is steady state or
transient.
If the flow is single phase, involves
calculation of species transport or
cavitation

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Thermal Effects
Training Manual
Are temperature (thermal)

effects considered?
If yes, energy conservation
equation is included and the
fluid temperature is calculated.
When temperature distribution
(heat conduction) in solids is to
be determined, turn on the
Include Solid button
If not, numerical calculation
only considers velocities (mass
and momentum conservation)
For natural convection flows,
use the Boussinesq
approximation or
incompressible ideal gas

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Flow Type
Training Manual
Is the flow laminar, turbulent or

inviscid?
When the Reynolds number is
low, it is laminar
When the Reynolds number is
high, it is turbulent
When a strong swirling motion
of the flow is involved, one
should model it as turbulent
with strong swirl.
If you want to neglect the effect
of viscosity, i.e. perform an
Euler calculation, choose the
Inviscid flow.

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Turbulence Models
Training Manual
The turbulence models available are:

Standard k-epsilon: standard model
for high Reynolds number flows;
robust, accurate for simple turbulent
flows (pipes, plates etc.)
Realizable k-epsilon: improves on
standard model; accurate for flows
with separation, flows impinging on
surfaces and jet flows.
RNG k-epsilon: increases range of
standard model; accurate for flows
with moderate swirl and separation.
K-omega: useful for low Reynolds
number flows with transition between
laminar and turbulent regimes;
requires fine mesh near the walls.
SST k-omega: Behaves like k-omega
near walls and as k-epsilon away
from the wall. Useful for flows with
high turbulence production or
transition from laminar to turbulent
near walls.
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Setting Default Turbulence Model
Training Manual
Advanced turbulence models

are available panel in the Fluent
Options/Customization tab.
Turn on the Advanced
Turbulence Models option.
Select the default the
turbulence model.
For most flows, the realizable
k-epsilon is a good choice.
See the FFC users guide for

more information on
turbulence models.

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Compressibility and Natural Convection
Training Manual
Is the flow incompressible or

compressible?
In general low-speed flows (i.e.,
gaseous or liquid flows) can be
treated as incompressible.
Compressibility effect is important
mainly for gaseous flows at higher
speeds - local Mach number of the
flow is higher than 0.3.
When low-Mach number gaseous
flows with variable density is
modeled (e.g., temperature variation
is significant, hence density is not a
constant), incompressible ideal gas
should be selected.
Natural convection can be modeled

by either Boussinesq or
Incompressible ideal gas model.

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Natural Convection
Training Manual
Boussinesq model introduces the

buoyancy term in the momentum
equation(s), but treats density as a
constant.
The thermal expansion coefficient of
the fluid needs to be specified in the
Materials panel.
Incompressible Ideal Gas varies the

density as a function of
temperature.
The mean pressure is specified in
the operating conditions panel.
In the operating conditions panel,

the gravitational acceleration vector
has to be specified.
See Modeling Natural Convection
Tutorial for details in the case
setup.

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Species Transport and Cavitation
Training Manual
The flow can be a single phase flow or

involve species or Multiphase:
Single phase flow: only one material is present
in the flow volume. If the flow between the
volumes is not mixing with each other/not
interacting and separated by walls (immiscible),
then we can use single phase flow solutions.
Species Transport: A mixture of miscible gases
or liquids is flowing through the flow volume. e.g:
water vapor in air, methane and air mixing
Multiphase: In multiphase flow, a phase can be
defined as an identifiable class of material (gas,
liquid and solid) that has a particular inertial
response to and interaction with the flow and the
potential field in which it is immersed. FfC offers
two multiphase models.
Cavitation: A liquid is present in the flow volume,
which forms vapor bubbles when the pressure
decreases below a critical pressure
VOF: Can model two or more immiscible fluids.
e.g. prediction of jet breakup, the motion of large
bubbles in a liquid, the motion of liquid after a dam
break, and the steady or transient tracking of any
liquid-gas interface
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Setting Up Species Transport
Training Manual
To set up Species:
Turn on Species Transport in
Model Definition.
Assign a mixture material to
the corresponding flow
volume.
Edit the mixture materials to
add/remove materials.
Set the Species boundary
condition for each inlet and
outlet.

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Setting Up Cavitation
Training Manual
To set up cavitation problems:

Activate Cavitation in the Physical
Modeling Definition panel.
Create a User Defined material, and
select the secondary gas phase.
Click on the Cavitation item in Fluent
Problem Setup and specify the
cavitation parameters, including
material.
Set the Phase volume fraction for
inlets and outlets for the secondary
phase.

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Setting Up the VOF model
Training Manual
To Set Up VOF problems

Choose Multiphase in Physics
Definition panel and
VOF as the multiphase model
Add the secondary phases by
adding user materials
Set up Secondary material in the
Multiphase Definition panel (VOF)
in Fluent Problem Set Up tree menu
To add more secondary phases,
right click on the menu (as shown)
Select other VOF options like,
Right click here

to add more
secondary
phases
FfC GUI panels for VOF

set-up
Implicit/Explicit Schemes
Interpolation schemes and
numerical controls
Open channels flows
Flat height initialization
Enter surface tension value

between the phases in phase
interaction panel
Tank filling simulation in FfC

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Patching and Open Channel Flows

Open Channel Boundary Conditions
Training Manual
Flat height Initialization
Patching of Secondary Phases

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Periodic Flow Modeling
Training Manual
Specify Periodic zone

Right Click the Geometry
definition.1 and select Periodic
specification option.
Select the two faces formed on
the one side of the geometry
(because of the symmetry
operation) under Periodic faces
and rest two faces on the other
side under shadow faces.(as
shown in figure)
Under Periodic type select
rotational or translational
Click Ok

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Periodic planes
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Modeling Rotating Machinery
Training Manual
Rotating machinery can be modeled

using the SRF (single rotating
reference frame) and MRF (multiple
rotating reference frame) or Sliding
Mesh methods.
stationary zone
SRF and MRF are methods applied to
the modeling of moving zones,
a surface of
especially in rotating-machinery
revolution
applications, in which steady-state
approximations are obtained for
problems involving rotating parts
In MRF model, the face separating the
rotating zone and the stationary zone
must be a surface of revolution in the
direction of the angular velocity, as
shown in the schematic.
rotating zone
In the Moving Mesh model, the rotating
zone mesh moves with time in an
A schematic of Mixing Tank model
unsteady calculation, and the fluid
by using the MRF
motion is calculated for each time step.
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Setting up Moving Reference Frames
Training Manual
Identify the rotating zone (the volume

to be attached to a rotating reference
frame) by double clicking the zone
(e.g., Flow Property.2)
Enable the MRF model in that zone by
selecting Yes for Rotating
Machinery in Flow Property
Definition panel for that zone.
Click on
to open the Motion of
Rotating Machinery dialog box:
rotation speed, angular velocity
vectors origin and direction are
specified here accordingly.
The
button changes to
after
the specification
Select Reference Zone (Frame) in the
Fluent Solution.X tree

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Setting Up Moving Mesh
Training Manual
To assign moving mesh motion:

Select Unsteady in the Physics
specification for time.
Double click on the Flow or Solid
property icon.
Select Moving Mesh from the drop
down list in front of Motion Type.
Click the
icon to open the
Rotational Inputs panel .
Specify the origin for axis of
rotation.
Select support for direction
calculation or define the direction.
Specify the direction of rotation
either clockwise or Counter
Clockwise.

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Running Moving Mesh Calculations
Training Manual
For rotating machinery

calculations, the number of time
steps as well as the time step
size have to be chosen
correctly.
The time step size is critical for
numerical stability and
accuracy.
The number of time steps is
chosen so that the rotating zone
goes through a number of
revolutions and the solution
develops periodicity.

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Setting Unsteady Parameters
Training Manual
Solution parameters for

unsteady calculation
Double-click on Unsteady Parameters.1
below the Fluent Problem Setup.1
feature in the specification tree to open
the Unsteady Parameters dialog box
Select appropriate time step size.
In one time step motion of sliding mesh
must not be greater then the length of the
minimum mesh size on the edge of the
moving region.
Time step size must be less then the value
obtained after dividing the minimum mesh
size (say in m) by tangential velocity
(m/sec).
Specify total number of time steps.

Specify Max. iteration per time step
This can be set by observing approximate
number of iteration required to get
converged solution for each time step.
Specify data save frequency.

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FFC v5.0 06 Flow Physics

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Flow Physics

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

The Physical Model Definition Panel

Setting up Moving Reference Frames

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

The Physical Model Definition Panel

The Physical Model Definition panel is

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Are temperature (thermal)

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Is the flow laminar, turbulent or

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

The turbulence models available are:

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Setting Default Turbulence Model

Advanced turbulence models

See the FFC users guide for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Compressibility and Natural Convection

Is the flow incompressible or

Natural convection can be modeled

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Boussinesq model introduces the

Incompressible Ideal Gas varies the

In the operating conditions panel,

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Species Transport and Cavitation

The flow can be a single phase flow or

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

Setting Up Species Transport

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

February 17, 2009

FLUENT for CATIA V5 Version 5.0

Fluent for Catia Support center

To set up cavitation problems: