virus
Shape: bullet
Genome: -ssRNA
enveloped virus
CPE: Negri body
4C 1 2
Reservoir
Urban forms: Dogs and
cats
Sylvatic forms: Bats,
foxes, raccoons ,
wolves, skunks ,
coyotes , mongooses
, and biting animals
Transmission
By bite or scratch
Via saliva
Airborne ( bats)
BAT
armadillo
Cat
raccoon
fox
dog
R abies or hydrophobia
Fever
Dysphagia
Altered mental
status
Excitement,
agitation
Paralysis
Hydrophobia
Hypersalivation
Nausea, vomiting
;
Headache
malaise
Laboratory diagnosis
Animal
Man
Live - difficult diagnosis
- clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal
impression (antibodies only appear
very late)
Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort
"Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain
cells; immunofluorescence virus
isolation .
Human papillomavirus
(HPV)
Biological properties
Transmission
contact infection
sexual infection
congenital infection.
Pathogenesis
Host-specific
Tissue-specific.
Disease
Cutaneous warts
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Mucosal HPV infections
Cervical cancer and other cancers:
A significant proportion of cancers is
associated with HPV infection: 11% of all
cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in
men.
Laboratory diagnosis
- Cytology
- Histology
- Colposcopy in the case of genital HPV
infections.
- Electron microscopy.
- Immunocytochemistry can detect major
capsid protein but are generally group
specific not type specific
- DNA detection techniques. This is the
only way to type HPVs.PCR
PARVOVIRUSES
DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES
Transient
aplastic crisis
Pure red cell
aplasia
Hydrops
fetails
Host or condition
Children
Adilts
Clinical features
Cutaneous rash
Arthralgiaarthrtis
Underlying
Severe acute
hemolysis
anemia
Immunodeficienci Chronic anemia
es
Fetus
Fatal anemia
EPIDEMIOLOGY
These
organisms
are
widely
distributed in nature.
Enters the body through:
The respiratory tract
Blood transfusions
Vertically from mother.
DIAGNOSIS
PARVOVIRUS B-19 SEROLOGY
Serology
Interpretation
IgGIgM-
No past infection
Patients susceptible to
infection
IgG+
IgM-
IgG + or
IgM
equivocal
IgG+
IgM+
IgG- (or
equivocal)
IgM+
Current infection
Patient should be retested
in a few weeks