ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
(WEEK 5)
WORK MOTIVATION
AND PERFORMANCE
By Grace Abban Ampiah
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Motivation
Motivating people at work is a vital
Objectives
At the end of this lecture, students will be able
to:
apply the various theories of motivation
when motivating employees in the
organization.
develop steps/measures to motivate both
Content
What is Motivation?
Significance of Work Motivation to
Managers
Characteristics of Motivation
Types of Work Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Content approaches
Maslow
Herzberg
Alderfers ERG
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Content
Process approaches
Expectancy Theory (Vroom)
Equity Theory (Adams)
Goal Setting Theory (Edwin Locke)
employees
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Exercise
Spend few minutes to discuss among
yourselves the following question:
What is motivation?
Reflect on the things that motivate you to
performance.
Motivated workforce helps to increase
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Types of Motivation
Motivation is grouped into two main types
namely:
Intrinsic Motivation: is when we perform
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Extrinsic Motivation
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Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Theories Of Motivation
Content Theories
Maslow - Five Level Hierarchy of Needs
Alderfers ERG Theory
Herzberg -Two Factor Theory
Process Theories
Vroom Expectancy Theory
Adams Equity Theory
Locke Goal Setting Theory
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Theories of Motivation
Contd
Theories of
Motivation
Contribution
Practical
Implication
Content Theories
Examines how to
satisfy individual
needs in order to
strengthen and
maintain
behaviours
Managers should
understand that
each employee is
unique and focus
on different needs,
desires and goals
to enable them
motivate
employees
accordingly.
Contributors:
Maslow
Herzberg
Alderfers ERG
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Theories of Motivation
Theories of
Motivation
Contribution
Practical
Implication
Process Theories
Individuals make
decisions whether
to work hard or not
based on the
following:
Managers should
have knowledge in
the motivation
process to
understand that
individuals make
decision based on
achievements,
rewards and
preferences
Contributors:
Vroom
Adam
Locke
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Own preferences
Available rewards
Possible
outcomes
from work
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Individual Needs
Organizational needs
Achievement
High Productivity
Low Absenteeism
group/colleagues
Personal
Development
Physical Well-being
Job Satisfaction -
Cooperation
Low Labour Turnover
Industrial Harmony
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Responsibility for
challenging tasks.
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Group exercise
Critically analyze the similarities between
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Motivation Factors
Supervision
Recognition
Interpersonal
Achievement
Relations
Good working
conditions
Salary
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Responsibility
Advancement
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Process theories of
Motivation
Types of process theories of motivation
are:
Expectancy Theory - Victor Vroom
Equity Theory - Adams
Goal Setting Theory - Locke
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Managerial Implication of
Expectancy Theory
Managers should prepare employees thoughts
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feedback).
Measure performance annually.
Reward employees performance.
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Managerial Implications of
Equity Theory
Managers should be aware that underpaid
workers
will get angry and overpaid people feel guilty.
Managers should ensure that employees with
Managerial Implication of
Goal-setting Theory
Managers can motivate employees by the
following:
Involving employees to set clearly defined
goals.
Goals set for employees should be not be too
challenging which employees are unable to
achieve.
Provide regularly feedback to employees to
enable them focus on achieving the goals set
for them.
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Managerial Implication of
Goal-setting Theory Contd
Initiate proper monitoring system
incentives, bonuses).
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employees)
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Conclusion
Motivate employees through:
Satisfying their desires or needs.
meeting their expectations according as
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Questions
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References
Ivancevich, J.M., Matteson, M. T. and