Vishal

TRIDENT ACADEMY OF
TECHNOLOGY
Seminar on
ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN
Submitted By:Vishal Kumar Parida
Branch: E & TC (A)
Regd. No. :-1101289300
Session:-2011-2015
19/9/2014
OUTLINES:
Introduction
Brain machine interface
Research on BMI
Block Diagram of a Neurochip
Application
Conclusion
19/9/2014
INTRODUCTION:
By enabling better study of animal behaviours

neural basis hardware-based human-computer
interfaces can be created.
Recent advances in micro electro mechanical
systems (MEMS), CMOS electronics let us link
computer circuitry to neural cells in live animals.
The key components of such a brain-computer
system include neural probes, analog electronics,
and a miniature microcomputer.
19/9/2014
BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE (BMI) :
BMIS offer a direct path for brain to communicate with

outside world.
According to the position of recoding electrodes BMIs are
Non-Invasive BMI
Invasive BMI
Invasive BMIs have wide potential in assisting, augmenting

or repairing more complex motor functions of human,
especially in patients with severe body paralysis.
19/9/2014
RESEARCH WORK ON INVASIVE BMI :
Experiments are taken with subjects on rat and monkey.
A synchronous recording and analyzing system for rat's neural

activities and motor behavior was made. Rat could use its
intention to control external one dimensional robotic lever in real
time.
The monkey was trained to perform a 2-D center-out task. The

preliminary decoding results of the 2D trajectory was showed and
planed to utilize the decoded prediction to control an external
device
19/9/2014
INTEGRATED SILICON AND NUROBIOLOGY
Neurons and neuronal networks decide,

remember and control an animals
sensation, thought, movement, and
act.
Neurobiologists need methods for
recording the activity of single neurons
or neuron assemblies.
The goal of understanding these details
motivates many workers in modern
neurobiology.
19/9/2014
CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
Neurobiologists examine the activities of brain

cells tied to sensory inputs and motor outputs
to understand the animals behaviour and
intelligence.
Neurobiologists use two classes of electrodes to
record and stimulate electrical signals in tissue.
Intracellular micropipettes: For interrogation of

the cells internal workings
Extracellular wires: For interrogating electrical
activity in muscles.
19/9/2014
RECENT ADVANCEMENT:
Advancement in making the test equipment so

small that a scientist can implant it into the
animal without causing any harm.
Recent developments in MEMS, semiconductor
electronics, embedded systems allow
neuroscientists to begin packaging entire
neurobiology experiments into hardware that
occupy less space than a human fingernail.
Researchers call these bio embedded systems
NEUROCHIPS.
19/9/2014
FUTURE GOALS TO COMPLETE:
Miniaturized silicon MEMS probes that could

record from the inside of nerve cells.
Biocompatible coatings that would protect
these probes from protein fouling.
A stand-alone implantable microcomputer that
could record from and stimulate neurons.
Neurophysiological preparations and
techniques for implanting microchips or MEMS
probes into animals in a way that does not
damage the probes.
19/9/2014
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE NEUROCHIP:
19/9/2014
10
PROBES:
Constrained animals use:
Metallic needles made of stainless steel or tungsten to communicate with

nerve bundles.
Micro machined silicon probes to record from groups of neurons,
Glass capillaries filled with a conductive ionic solution to penetrate and
record from the inside of individual neurons.
Unconstrained animals use:
Flexible metallic needles, attached to the animal with surgical superglue

Micro machined silicon probes.
Micro machined
silicon probe
19/9/2014
11
MEMORY:
Once implanted, an embedded

neurochip reads experimental
procedure from memory, run the
experiment, acquire the neural spike
trains and then store the results in
memory.
19/9/2014
12
APPLICATIONS:
Monitoring a moths flight control:

In a small, dark zoology lab a flowers movements are
programmed to test the moths flight dynamics. The
ultra-high-speed infrared video recorder tapes the
moths every movement. A tiny battery-powered
microcomputer attached to the moths thorax records
electrical signals from the flight muscles and sense
organs and stores this data in onboard memory.
19/9/2014

13
APPLICATION (CONT...)
Robo-Rats Hunt Landmine:

Rats with brain implants that turn them
into remote controlled drones could soon
be unleashed on the countryside of
Colombia as a secret weapon to combat
deadly landmines planted by rebels and
drug lords.
19/9/2014

14
FUTURE SCOPE:
Even as the first miniature neurochips record

neuronal action potentials researchers at the
University of Washington are testing stimulus
paradigms to evoke controlled muscular
extension and contraction.
Researchers already plan to use smart
algorithms, smart software, and smart chips to
interact with nerve tissue. They suspect that
machine learning can help them study the
cause-and-effect relationships involved in the
behaviour of sensory motor circuits.
19/9/2014

15
REFERENCE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
M.R. Enstrom et al., Abdominal Ruddering

and the Control of Flight in the Hawkmoth,
2003; www.sicb.org/meetings/2003/schedule/
abstractdetails.php3?id=758.
http://www.meritummedia.com/world/robo-ra
ts-hunt-landmines
http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/memsaccelerometer/2011/08/
http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~diorio/Publi
cations/InvitedPubs/01160058_IEEEComp.pdf
19/9/2014

16
THANK
YOU
19/9/2014

17
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A
19/9/2014
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TRIDENT ACADEMY OF

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

By enabling better study of animal behaviours

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE (BMI) :

BMIS offer a direct path for brain to communicate with

According to the position of recoding electrodes BMIs are

Invasive BMIs have wide potential in assisting, augmenting

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

RESEARCH WORK ON INVASIVE BMI :

Experiments are taken with subjects on rat and monkey.

A synchronous recording and analyzing system for rat's neural

The monkey was trained to perform a 2-D center-out task. The

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

INTEGRATED SILICON AND NUROBIOLOGY

Neurons and neuronal networks decide,

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Neurobiologists examine the activities of brain

Intracellular micropipettes: For interrogation of

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Advancement in making the test equipment so

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

FUTURE GOALS TO COMPLETE:

Miniaturized silicon MEMS probes that could

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE NEUROCHIP:

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Constrained animals use:

Metallic needles made of stainless steel or tungsten to communicate with

Unconstrained animals use:

Flexible metallic needles, attached to the animal with surgical superglue

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Once implanted, an embedded

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Monitoring a moths flight control:

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Robo-Rats Hunt Landmine:

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

Even as the first miniature neurochips record

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

M.R. Enstrom et al., Abdominal Ruddering

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMAL BRAIN

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