NEW AND OLD 7

QUALITY CONTROL
TOOLS

Submitted by
Gaurav Kumar
Priyanka dixit
Urvashi Chauhan

DEFINITION

Quality tools are more specific - tools which

can be applied to solving problems in
improving quality in organizations,
manufacturing, or even in individual
processes

Fixed set of graphical technique , helpful in

trouble shooting issues related to quality.

Required formal training in statistics

IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY
CONTROL

Customers expectations and satisfaction

High levels of productivity and costs

Competitiveness

Customer Loyalty

Reputation

METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL

Old quality control tools

HISTOGRA
M
SCATTER
DIAGRAM

CONTROL
CHART

PARETO
CHART

CAUSE &
EFFECT

CHECK
SHEET

FLOWCHA
RT

HISTOGRAM

A histogram is a graphical representation of

the distribution of numerical data.

A frequency distribution shows how often

each different value in a set of data occurs. A
histogram is the most commonly used graph
to show frequency distributions. It looks very
much like a bar chart, but there are important
differences between them

PARETO CHART

A Pareto chart is a bar graph. The lengths of

the bars represent frequency , and are
arranged with longest bars on the left and the
shortest to the right. In this way the chart
visually depicts which situations are more
significant.

When to Use a Pareto Chart

When analyzing data about the frequency of

problems or causes in a process.

When there are many problems or causes and

you want to focus on the most significant.

CAUSE AND EFFECTS

DIAGRAM

It shows how several causes relate

themselves to problems or potential effects.

Also known as Ishikawa Diagram or

Fishbone Diagram

Specifies possible causes for an effect.

Benefits :

Detemine the root cause of a problem or

quality characteristics using a structured
approach.

Encourage group participation

CONTROL CHART

The control chart is a graph used to study

how a process changes over time. Data are
plotted in time order. A control chart always
has a central line for the average, an upper
line for the upper control limit and a lower
line for the lower control limit.. By comparing
current data to these lines, you can draw
conclusions about whether the process
variation is consistent (in control) or is
unpredictable (out of control, affected by
special causes of variation.

CHECK SHEETS

A check sheet is a structured, prepared form

for collecting and analyzing data. This is a
generic tool that can be adapted for a wide
variety of purposes.

When to Use a Check Sheet

When data can be observed and collected

repeatedly by the same person or at the same
location.

When collecting data on the frequency or

patterns of events, problems, defects, defect
location, defect causes, etc.

When collecting data from a production

SCATTER DIAGRAM

Scatter Diagrams are used to

study and identify the possible
relationship between the
changes observed in two
different sets of variables.

FLOW CHART

A flowchart is any chart that depicts how

several elements interact with each other

It is a type of diagram that represents a

process, showing the steps as boxes of
various kinds and their order by connecting
these arrows.

NEW 7 QUALITY CONTROL

TOOLS
Process

Relation ship
diagram

decision
program
chart

Tree
diagra
m

Matrix
data
analysis

Arrow
diagram

diagra
m
Matrix
diagram

Affinity
diagram

RELATION SHIP
DIAGRAM

This diagram clarifies the

interrelations in a complex
situation involving many
interrelated factors and serves
to clarify the cause and effect
relationships among factors.

TREE DIAGRAM

A tree diagram is used to show the

interrelation between a topic and its
component elements.

A tree diagram systematically breaks down

a topic into its component elements. This
tool can be used in planning and problem
solving .

ARROW DIAGRAM

Arrow diagramming method(ADM) is a

network diagramming technique in which
activities are represented by arrows.ADM is
also known as the activity-on-arrow (AOA)
method.

ADM is used for scheduling activities in

aproject plan.

The length of the arrow represents the

duration of the relevant activity. ADM only
shows finish-to-start relationships .

AFFINITY DIAGRAM

An affinity diagram is used to organize into

groupings large number of ideas, opinions or
concerns about a Particular topic.
Description
When a large number of ideas, opinions or
other concerns about a particular topic are
being collected, this tool organizes the
information into grouping based on the
natural relationships that exist among them.

AFFINITY DIAGRAM FOR NEW

GENERATION DIGITAL CAMERA

MATRIX DIAGRAM
Graphical tool that shows the connection or
correlation
Between ideas or issues in the form of table (matrix).
A relation ship is indicated at each intersection of
rows and columns as present or absent.
The matrix diagram shows the relationship
between two, three or four groups of information.
It also can give information about the relationship,
such as its strength, the roles played by various
individuals or measurements

MATRIX DATA ANALYSIS

DIAGRAM

Purpose:

To present numerical data about two sets

of factors in a matrix form and analyze it
to get numerical output.

Can be applied in understanding the

products and products characteristics

PROCESS, DECISION
PROGRAM CHART (PDPC)

The process decision program chart (PDPC)

method helps us select the best processes to
obtain optimum results by evaluating the
progress of events and various conceivable
outcomes

The process decision program chart (PDPC)

systematically identifies what might go wrong
in a plan under development.
Countermeasures are developed to prevent
or offset those problems. By using PDPC, you
can either revise the plan to avoid the
problems or be ready with the best response
when a problem occurs.

CONCLUSION

Seven QC tools are most helpful in

troubleshooting issues related to quality.

All processes are affected by multiple factors

and therefore statistical QC tools can be
applied to any process.

The continuous use of these tools upgrades

the personnel characteristics of the people
involved. It enhances their ability to think
generate ideas, solve problem and do proper
planning