Nitrogen

Discovery
Inventor: Daniel Rutherford
Year: 1772
Name of element: Nitrogen

Antoine Lavoisier menyebut nitrogen

dengan nama azote, berarti zat
emas. Dinamakan zat lemas karena zat
ni tidak aktif bereaksi dengan unsur
ainnya

Minerals

Potassium Nitrate, .

used as fertilizer and solid oxidizer in rocket.

Chile saltpeter,

used as fertilizer, medical products, fireworks, explosives,

pigment, food preservative, oxidizer in rocket.

Isotopes
There are two stable isotopes of nitrogen

14

N (99,6%)

15

N (0,4 %)

Produce

Isolation of nitrogen

Nitrogen is separated from

the Air with the
liquefaction followed by
distillation

Produce from ammonium

nitrate

NH4NO2(aq) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Oxidation state
Oxidation state

Examples of Compounds

-3

NH3( ammonia )

-2

NH4+(ammonium ion)

-1

NH2OH (hydroxylamine )

N2(nitrogen gas)

+1

N2O(dinitrogen monoxide)

+2

NO(nitrogen oxides)

+3

N2O3(nitrogen trioxide)
HNO2(citric acid)
NO2(nitrogen dioxide)

+4

N2O4(dinitrogen tetraoksida)
N2O5(nitrogen pentaoksida)

+5

HNO3(nitric acid)

Compounds
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen can combine with oxygen to form oxides
with different oxidation states from +1 to +5, for
example, N2O, NO, N2O3, N2O4, NO2 and N2O5.
a. Nitrogen oxide, NO.
Divalent nitrogen oxides. Obtained by reduction of
nitrite via the following reaction:
KNO2 + KI + H2SO4 NO + K2SO4 + H2O + I2

b. Nitrous oxide, N2O.

Monovalent nitrogen oxides. Pyrolysis of ammonium nitrate
will produce this oxide by the reaction:
NH4NO3 N2O + 2 H2O (heating at 250 C).
c. Dinitrogen trioxide, N2O3.
The oxidation number of nitrogen in these compounds is +3,
this compound is unstable and decomposes into NO and NO 2
at room temperature.

d. Nitrogen dioxide NO2.

These compounds can form a dimer dinitrogen tetraoksida,
N2O4, colorless, namely the merger between NO2 with
NO2.
N2O4 can be produced by pyrolysis of lead nitrate
2 Pb (NO3)

4NO2 + 2PbO + O2 at 400 oC

When NO2 dissolved in water produced nitric acid and

nitric:
2 NO2 + H2O HNO3 + HNO2


e.

Dinitrogen

pentaoksida, N2O5.

Nitrous pentaoksida obtained when concentrated nitric

acid
is slowly dehydrated with phosphorus pentoxide at low
temperatures.
2 HNO3 N2O5 + H2O
When dissolved in water produced nitric acid. Dinitrogen
pentoxide also called anhydrous nitric acid.
N2O5 + H2O 2 HNO3

Oxyacid

Nitrogen

Oxyacid of nitrogen that can be encountered is H 2N2O2

(hiponitrit acid), HNO2 (nitrous acid), HNO3 (nitric acid) and
HNO4 (peroxynitrite acid).
Reactions of Nitrogen, with:
a.

Oxygen

Then, compound of NO will react to form NO2, with the

following reaction.


b.

Hydrogen

Ammonia manufacturing process called the Haber Bosch

process.


The
use of ammonia

Nitric acid industries ().

For the manufacture of urea (CO) and ZA (Zwvelamonia) ().

To make ammonium chloride (Cl) on the battery.

As cooling in an ice factory.

To make hydrazine () as a rocket fuel.

For the manufacture of explosives, a plastic paper, and

detergents.


c.

Nitrit

Acid

Manufacture of ammonia is the Ostwald process. At first

ammonia is oxidized,

The

use of nitric acid:

To make fertilizer ammonium nitrate ().

The launch of
dimetilhidrazin, .

To make explosives, such as

nitroligserin, and nitrocellulose.

As nitration organic compound that is used for the

production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and
detergan.

the

missile,

using
TNT

nitric

acid

and

(trinitrotoluene),

d. Halogen
The reaction is common is by forming fluorine trifluoride
N2 (g) + 3F2 (g) 2NF3 (g)
e. Nitrogen reacts with metals to form an ionic nitride

f. Nitrogen does not react with water, acids and base

g. Hydrazine, NH2-NH2
NH3 + OCl NH2Cl + OHNH2Cl + OH- + NH3N2H4 + Cl- + H2O
Reaksi keseluruhan :
2 NH3 + OClN2H4 + Cl- + H2O
h. Nitride
3 Mg(NH2)2 Mg3N2 + 4 NH3
i. The hydraulic acid or hydrogen azide, HN3
N2H4 + HNO2 HN3 + 2 H2O

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen fixation

Assimilation

Amonifikasi

Nitrification

Denitrification

Function

The
commercial use of nitrogen is as a component in the manufacture
of ammonia, which is then used as fertilizer and to produce nitric
acid.

Used to make nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea (CO) and (ZA).

Liquid nitrogen (often referred to as ) is used as a refrigerant for

freezing food products, to preserve reproductive cells (sperm and
egg), and for storage of biological samples.

Nitration of organic compounds, such as nitro-glycerine

trinitrotoluene, commonly used as an explosive.

As the veil of inert gas to remove oxygen in the manufacture of

electronic equipment for inert owned properties.

Used as a coolant to create a low temperature, for example in the

food processing industry.

Make room for the storage of inert explosive substances.

Filling the empty space inside the thermometer to reduce the

evaporation of mercury.

and

Isolation

Laboratory Scale: heating the salt solution

containing ammonia and nitrite salts.

NH4 + (aq) + NO 2 (aq) N2 (g) + 2H2O (l)

Preparation of nitrogen from ammonium nitrate.

2. Commercially obtained from the fractional distillation of air

(the linden and claude).
3. In the laboratory of thermal decomposition of ammonium
nitrite compounds CNH4NO2 by heating. The reaction was as
follows:
CNH4NO2 (s) N2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)
4. In the industry, by way of terraced destruction and
liquefaction (distillation udaracair) for N2 having a boiling point
lower than the first O2 then it evaporates as the first fraction
5. spectroscope pure N2 is made by the thermal decomposition
NatriumBarium azide. The following reaction:
NaN3 2 Na + 3 N2
6. Heating NH4NO2 through the following reaction:
NH4NO2 N2 + 2 H2O
7. Oxidation of NH3 through the following reaction:
2 NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3H2O + 3Cu
8. Distillation (refining) storey of liquid air.