Chemical Composition of
Urine
Urine is 95% water and 5% solutes
Nitrogenous wastes include urea, uric
acid, and creatinine
:Other normal solutes include
Sodium, potassium, phosphate, and sulfate
ions
Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions
Composition of urine
Urine contains organic and inorganic
solids:
Chief
inorganic solids:
Sodium
Potassium
Chlorides
Small amounts of Ca, Mg, S & phosphates
Traces of Fe, Cu, Zn and I2
A) Proteins :
1 - Prerenal proteinuria:
Occurs in:
Bence Jones protein:
This abnormal gamma globulin ( light
chains only) is synthesized by malignant
plasma cells (Multiple myeloma).
It precipitates at 60OC, redissolves at
100OC and reprecipitates on cooling.
3 - Postrenal proteinuria:
is due to
liver.
1 Diabetic ketoacidosis
2 Glycogen storage disease
3 Starvation
4 Prolonged vomiting
5 Unbalanced diet: high fat & Low CHO diet
D) Nitrite :
Positive nitrite test is significant of bacteria in urine
F) Blood :
I - Hematuria: (Presence of detectable amount of
blood in urine )
a Acute & chronic glomerulonephritis
b Local disorders of kidney & genitourinary
tract (Trauma , cystitis , renal calculi and
tumors)
c Bleeding disorders (Hemophilia).
b Malaria (P.
c Transfusion
G) Chyluria :
Amount
Reabsorbed
Amount
excreted
% of Filtered
Load
Reabsorbed
180
100
Bicarbonate
(mEq/day)
4,320
4,318
>99.9
Sodium
(mEq/day)
25,560
25,410
150
99.4
Chloride
(mEq/day)
19,440
19,260
180
99.1
Potassium
(mEq/day)
756
664
92
87.8
Urea (g/day)
46.8
23.4
23.4
50
Creatinine
(g/day)
1.8
1.8
Concentration
Na+
50-130 mEq/L
K+
20-70 mEq/L
NH4+
30-50 mEq/L
Ca++
5-12 mEq/L
Mg++
2-18 mEq/L
Cl-
50-130 mEq/L
Pi
20-40 mEq/L
Urea
200-400 mM
Creatinine
6-20 mM
pH
5.0-7.0
Osmolality
Glucose
Amino acids
Protein
Blood
Ketones
Leukocytes
Bilirubin
Chemical Examination
pH
: can range from
4.5-8.0
Specific Gravitiy : 1.015-1.025
Protein
: negative or trace
Sugar
: negative or trace
Blood
: negative
Bilirubin
: negative
Urobilinogen
: positive
Nitrite
: negative
Ketone
: negative
Leukocyte
: negative
RESOURCE
. Ahmed Al Mutairi, Ahmed Albanna, Abdulrahaman Al Qarni
Micturation and urine composition
Elaine N. Marieb. The Urinary System
Jethro Macallan. Urine Formation: Tubular Processing of the
.Glomerular Filtrate