GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SESSION 2015-2016
PROJECT REPORT ON
DESIGN OF MULTISTORY BUILDING OF G+2
FLOORS
GUIDED BY:

SUBMITTED BY:-

Prof. Suprakash Biswas

Dean/School of Civil
Engineering

Mubeen Akhtar (13scme104006)

Izmamul Hak (13scme103131)
Siddharth Mishra
Rampal Jaiswal
Vineet Kumar

GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2015-2016
PROJECT REPORT ON
DESIGN OF MULTISTORY BUILDING OF G+2
FLOORS
GUIDED BY:

SUBMITTED BY:-

Prof. Suprakash Biswas

Dean/School of Civil
Engineering

Mubeen Akhtar (13scme104006)

Izmamul Hak (13scme103131)
Siddharth Mishra
Pavanesh Yadav
Ambuj Singh

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work which is being
presented in the project report entitled DESIGN
OF MULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING G
+ 2 FLOORS
in the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering is an authentic
record of our own work carried out under the
guidance of
Prof. Suprakash Biswas.
The matter embodied in the report has not been
submitted for the award of any other degree or
diploma.

MUBEEN AKHTAR
IZMAMUL HAK
SIDDHARTH MISHRA
VINEET KUMAR
RAMPAL JAISWAL

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work which is being
presented in the project report entitled DESIGN
OF MULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING G
+ 2 FLOORS
in the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering is an authentic
record of our own work carried out under the
guidance of
Prof. Suprakash Biswas.
The matter embodied in the report has not been
submitted for the award of any other degree or
diploma.

MUBEEN AKHTAR
IZMAMUL HAK
SIDDHARTH MISHRA
PAVANESH YADAV
AMBUJ SINGH

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deep sense of

gratitude to our respected and learned guide
Prof. Suprakash Biswas for his valuable
guidance. We are also thankful for his timely
encouragement given in completing the project.
Lastly, we would like to express our deep
appreciation towards our classmates and group
members for providing us the much needed
kind support and encouragement.

Thank You

Table of Contents
Sr.
No.

Topic

Page
no.

1.

Introduction
i). Effective Span
ii). Stiffness
iii). Loads

2.

Design Of One Way Slab

3.

Design of Two way Slab

15

4.

Design of T-Beam

22

5.

Design of Staircase

27

6.

Design of Flat Footing

33

7.

Design of Sun Shade

38

8.

Design of Lintel

41

9.

Conclusion

47

Multistory Residential Building

1.1.

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this project is to design a Multistory

Building (G+2) for residential purpose, taking
earthquake load into consideration.
Multistory buildings are very commonly seen in
cities. Construction of such tall buildings are
possible only by going to a set of rigidly
interconnected beams. These rigidly
interconnected beams of multi bay and
multistoried are called Buildings frames.
To avoid long distance of travel, cities are
growing vertically rather than horizontally. In
other words multistory buildings are preferred in
cities.
Building laws of many cities permits
construction of ground plus three storey
buildings without lifts.
The loads from walls and beams are
transformed to beams, rotation of beams take
place. Since, beams are rigidly connected to
column, the rotation of column also take place.
We are not considering columns in our design.
Thus any load applied any where on beam is 7
shared by entire network of beam and columns.

1.2.

EFFECTIVE SPAN

As per IS 456-2000, in the analysis of frames,

the effective length of members shall be
center to centre distance (clause 22.2 d)

1.3.

STIFFNESS

For the analysis of frame, the relative stiffness

values of various members are required. IS
456-2000 clause suggests the relative stiffness
of the members may be based on the moment
of inertia of the section.
The made shall be consistent for all the
members of the structure throughout analysis.
It needs arriving at member sizes before
designing. The sizes are selected on the basis
of architectural, economic and structural
considerations.
For Beams span to depth ratio preferred is 12
to 15. Width is kept (1/3) to (1/2) of depth, but
some times they are fixed on architectural
consideration.
Column sizes are to be selected on the basis
of experience.
8

It is to be noted that in Multistory frames,

columns of upper stories carry less axial force
but more moments, while columns of lower
storey carry more axial loads and less
moments.
Design can roughly estimate the axial load on
lower storey column and arrive at sizes of the
column.
Next two to three stories can have same size.
Beyond that, sizes may be reduced. Stiffness of
member is given by (I/L).

1.4.

LOADS

For Multistory frames Dead load, imposed load

(live load), wind load and earthquake loads are
important for designing.
The IS code suggests following load
combination to get designed loads:
1. 1.5DL + 1.5IL
2. 1.5DL + 1.5WL
3. 1.5DL + 1.5EL
4. 1.2DL + IL + 1.2WL
5. 1.2DL + IL + 1.2EL
9

FRONT ELEVATION

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

Design of One
way Slab

Data given (m)

Clear span (or Room size ) = 7mX3m
L.L = 1.5 KN/m , support thickness =
200mm
Surface finishing = 1 KN/m
Using M20 & Fe 415

Step 1 :- Design constant for M20

concrete & Fe415 steel
Fck =20 N/mm , Fy = 415 N/mm
Mulimit = 0.138 fck bd
Xu = 0.479 d

Step 2 :- Type of Slab-

ly/lx = 7/3

= 2.33 > 2
therefore design One way slab,
considering shorter span.

Step 3 :- Effective depth of span

for continuous slab one way

deff = l/(26 X M.F)

assume Modification factor
M.F =1.3 (IS456:2000 Page - 38)
= 3000/(26 X 1.3)
provide depth = 88.75

90 mm ,

11

Take deff = 125 mm

Overall depth D = d +(c.c+/2)
= 125 +(20+10/2)
= 125+25 =150 mm

assume dia. of bar 10mm

c.c= 20mm

Fig. Diagrammatic Representation

12

Step 4 :- Effective Span

(leff)(1) L+ b = 3000 + 200 = 3200 mm
(2) L+ b = 3000 + 125 = 3125 mm
ever is less)
thus leff = 3.125 m

(which

Step 5 :- Load Calculation(1) Dead load of slab = 1x1x(d/1000) rcc

= (150/1000)x25
=3.75KN/m
(2) Live load
= 1.5 KN/m
(3) Finishing load = 1 KN/m
Working load
w = 6.25 KN/m
Factored load wu = 1.5w = 1.5x6.25
= 9.375
KN/m

Step 6 :- Factored Bending Moment (M u)Mu = coeff. x wu x leff

From :
IS 456:2000
Page 36 Table no.12

[ BM coefficients of Continuous slab at the mid of

interior
span for dead load & imposed load (fixed) +
1/16 ]
Mu = (9.375x3.125)/16
Mu = 5.722 KNm per meter width of slab

13

Step 7 :- Check for depth

(dreq.)-

Effective depth required dreq. =

(Mu/0.138fck b

(0.138x20x1000)
dreq.
dreq.

(5.722x10)/

= 45.53 mm
dprovided

OK-SAFE
Step 8 :- Main Steel
Ast = 0.5 fck/fy [ 1-1-(4.6 Mu/fck bd) ]
bd
Ast = 0.5x20/415[1- 1-(4.6 x 5.722 x
10 / 20 x 1000 x 125)] 1000 x 125
Ast = 129.638 130 mm
and

Astmin = 0.0012 bD
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 150
= 180 mm
here, Astmin > Ast
therefore use Astmin i.e. 180
14
mm

Step 9 :- Spacing Of Main Bar

(1) (1000 x Ast) / Astmin = (1000 x /4 x
10 ) / 180
= 437 mm
(2) 3d = 3x125 = 375 mm
(3) 300 mm = 300 mm
(which ever is
less )
provide ( = 300 mm )
= 10 mm @ 300 mm c/c spacing along
shorter span.
Length of rod = 3000 (2 x clear cover )
= 3000 (2 x 20 ) =
2960 mm
@ 200Of
mm
c/c & extra at top
Stepprovide
10 :-10
Spacing
Distribution
upto
l/4 i.e. 0.8 m both supports.
steel
here Astmin = 180 mm
( assuming dia. Of bar 8 mm )
(1) (1000x /4 x 8 )/180 = 279.25
280 mm
(2) 5d = 5x125 = 625 mm
(3) 450 mm
(which ever is less )
provide 8 mm dia. Of distribution bar @ 280
mm c/c spacing across main bar

15

Fig. Reinforcement Details in One way Slab.

16

Design of Two way Slab

n Data- (assume)
Size of slab (m) = 7 x 4.75
Live load = 2 KN/m
support thickness = 200 mm
Finishing = 1 KN/m
Use M20 & Fe415

p 1):- Design constantfck = 20 MPa, fy = 415 MPa

Mu lim = 0.138 fck bd
Xu = 0.479 d

p 2):- Type of Slably/lx = 7/4.75 = 1.5 < 2

(Two way slab)

p 3):- Deffx = lx/26 x 1.5 = 4750/26 x 1.5 = 121.7 mm

125 mm = dx
Assume 10 , clear cover 20 mm
y = 125-10 = 115 mm
Overall depth of slab D = d+(c.c.+ /2)
D = 125 + 20 + 5 = 150 mm
17

Step 4):- Effective length of Slab

here support thickness = 200 mm
Shorter Span

Longer Span

i). Clear span + dx

4750 +
125=4875mm

i). Clear span + dy

7000 +
115=7115mm

ii). Clear span +

support width
4750 +
200=4950mm

ii). Clear span + b

7000 +
200=7200mm

lx = 4.875 m

(which ever is less)

ly = 7.115 m

Step 5):- Loadi). D.L. = 1x1x150/1000x25 = 3.75KN/m

ii). Live load
= 2KN/m
iii). Finishing = 1KN/m
Working load = 6.75KN/m
Wu = 1.5 x 6.75 = 10.125KN/m
Step 6):- Momentsly/lx = 7.115/4.875 = 1.46

18

Moment coefficients:

ly/lx
1.4

0.099

0.051

0.104

0.046

1.46
1.5
x =
=
y =
=

0.099 + (0.104-0.099)/(1.5-1.4) x (1.46-1.4)

0.102
0.051 + (0.046-0.05)/(1.5-1.4) x (1.46-1.4)
0.048

Mx = x Wu lx = 0.102x10.125x4.875 = 24.54 KNm

My = y Wu ly = 0.048x10.125x4.875 = 11.55 KNm

Step 7:-Check for depthdrequired = (Mx/0.138x20x1000)

= [(24.54x10)/(0.138x20x1000)]
= 94.29 mm 95 mm
dreq < dprovided

OK SAFE.
19

Step 8:- Area of Main

SteelAstx = 0.5(fck/fy) [1-

1-{(4.6 X Mx ) /(fck b

dx)}]b dx
= 0.5(20/415) [1-

1-{(4.6 X
24.54X10 ) /(20X1000 X125)}]1000X125
= 604.72 mm
Asty = 0.5(20/415) [1-

1-{(4.6 X11.55X10 ) /

(20X1000X115)}]1000X11.5
= 293.89 mm

Astmin = (0.0012 X bD) = (0.0012 X 1000 X 150)

= 180 mm
Astx & Asty > Astmin
Hence, use Astx & Asty .

20

Step 10:- Spacing of main bar

assume dia. of main bar = 10 mm

Shorter span

Long span

(1) 1000 X /4 X 10/ (1) 1000 X /4 X 10/

Astx = 129.88 120 293.89 = 267.24
mm
260 mm
(2) 3dx = 3 X 12 =
375
(3) 300 mm

(2) 3dy = 3 X 115 =

345
(3) 300 mm

(which ever is less)

provide 10 @ 120 c/c
provide 10 @ 260 c/c
(3/4 l ) span middle strip

21

Step 11:- Distribution Steel Astmin = 180 mm

spacing assume = 8 mm
(1) 1000 X /4 X 8/180 =279.25 mm
(2) 5dx = 5X125 = 625
5dy = 5X 115 = 575
(3) 450 mm
provide 8 @ 270 c/c edge strip (span/
8)

Step 12:- Check for deflection

dprovided = l/(26 X MF)
Astprovided = (1000 X /4 X 10)/120
= 654.5 mm
Astrequired = 604.72 mm
% of steel = Astprovided /(b X d X 1000)
= 0.37 %
F5 = 0.58 X fy Astrequired/ Astprovided
F5 = 222.4
456 : 2000
MF = 1.5
drequired 121.8 mm
dprovided 125 mm

IS

drequired dprovided

OK-SAFE

22

Fig. Reinforcement Details in Two way Slab.

23

Design of T- BEAM
Data :
Clear span(L) = 4.75 m,
= 20
Depth of flange (Df) = 150 mm,
415
Depth of web (bw) = 200 mm
Imposed Load = 112 KN/m (assume),

2
N / mm
f ck
N / mm 2

fy =

4750
span

316.67(d):
mm 320mm

Depth
Effective
15
15

d eff
Step-1

Adopt D = 320 + 20 + 25 = 360 mm

Step-2 Effective Span (leff):

The least of
Centre to centre of support = 4.75+0.2 =
(i)
4.95 m
(ii) Clear span + effective depth = 4.75 + 0.32
= 5.1 m
Effective span = 4.95 m

Step-3 Loads
Imposed load = 112 KN/m

24

ep-4 Ultimate BM and Shear force

wl 2
Mu
0.125 168 4.952 514.55 KN m
8
wl 2
Vu
0.5 168 4.95 415.8 KN
2

ep-5 Effective width of flange(bf):

b f bw 6 D f
6

=[(4.95/6)+0.2+(6X0.15)
= 1925 mm

25

Step-6 Moment capacity of Flange

section(Muf):Muf = bf Df 0.36fck (d 0.416Df)
=1925 X 150 X 0.36 X 20 X (320
0.416X150)
= 535.55 KN-m
Since, Mu < Muf
i.e. Neutral axis is within
the Flange,
Hence, the section is treated as Rectangular with
b=bf for designing reinforcement.

Ast f y

Step-7 Tension Reinforcements:M u (.87 f y Ast d ) 1

bdf ck

514.55X10 = Ast X0.87X415X320{1-(AstX415)/

(1925X320X20)}
mm 2 mm
Ast = 545.651
Ast = 545.651
Provide 3 nos. 14 at bottom,
2
2 nos. 10 mm
at top, & provide (l/4) extra
at top
total Ast = 618.89
26

Step-8 Shear Reinforcement:v = (Vu / bw d) = 415.8X10/

(200X320)
= 6.49 N/mm
Pt = 100 Ast /bwd = 100X545.651/
(200X320)
= 0.853 m
from IS 456:2000, page no.73,table-19,
Design shear strength of concrete (M20)
c = 0.28 N/mm
Balance Shear => Vus = [Vus (c bd)]
us = [415.8 (0.28X200X320 )
Using 8 mmVdia,
2 legged stirupps,
10]
Spacing is given by,
= 397.88 KN
SV = (0.87fy Asv d/Vus)
SV = (0.87X415 X(4)X8/397.88X10)
Sv = 220 mm 200 mm
provide spacing of 100 mm and gradually
increase to
200 mm at centre of span

27

Step9:- Check for deflection Control

Pt = 100 Ast/(bf d)
= (100 X 5378 )/( 2025 X 320 ) =
0.83
bw/bf = 200/2025 = 0.099
(L/d)provided = L/d x Kt x Kc x Kf
4950/320 = 20x1.05x1x0.94
15.46 19.74
hence, check for deflection
is satisfactory.

Fig. Reinforcement Details in T-beam.

28

Design of Stair case (Dog legged)

Data,
ht. Of storey = 3.2 m
size of stair hall =4.5mX3m
L.L = 2 KN/m (assume)
supported width = 200 mm

Step 1 :- Design constants

using M20
and fe415
Fck = 20 Mpa
Fy = 415 Mpa
Mulimit = 0.138 Fckbd

Step 2 :- Arrangement of stairHt. Of storey = 3.2 m

Ht. Of flight = 3.2/2 = 1.6 m
assume R = 150 mm ,
T =
300 mm
No. Or riser = 1650/150 = 11
No. Of tread = 11-1 = 10
Going G = no. Of tread X T
= 10 X 300 = 3000 mm
29

Fig. Arrangement of Steps in Staircase.

30

Step 3 :- Effective lengthleff = c/c dist. b/w support

= 3000 + 1500 +200/2 = 4600 mm

Step 4 :- Effective depth of waist

slab
d l/25 = 4600/25 = 184 180
assume 10 and clear cover 15
mm
D = 180 + ( 15+10/2) = 200 mm
but we adopted D = 150 mm

Step 5 :- Load calculation (unit

area )
(1) Self wt. Of waist slab in horizontal area

= w s X (R+T)/T
= (1X1XD/1000)rcc X

(150+300)/300
= 4.19 KN/m
31

(2) Self wt. Of step per meter length

= (R/2)pcc = (150/2)24 = 1.8
KN/m
(3) Finishing load minimum = 0.75 KN/m
(4) L.L = 2 KN/m
w

= 8.74
wu =1.5 w = 13.11 KN/m

Step 6:- Bending moment

KN/m
Step

Mu = wl/8 = (13.11 X 4.6)/8 =34.67

7:- Check for effective depth

drequired = (Mu/0.138fckb)
= (34.67X10/0.138X20X1000)
drequired = 112.078 mm
drequired dprovided (i.e.= 150 )
OK SAFE

32

Step 8:- Main steel

Ast = 0.5X20/415[1-1{(4.6X34.67X10)/(20X1000X150)}]
711 mm
Astmin = 0.0012X1000X150 = 180 mm
use Ast = 711 mm

Step 9:- Spacing of Main bar(1) (1000X/4X10)/711

assume 10
=110.46 mm
(2) 3X150
(3) 300mm
which ever is less
Main bar provide 10 @ 100 c/c

Step 10:- Distribution baruse Astmin = 180

assume = 8 mm
(1) (1000X /4X8)/180 = 279.15
mm
(2) 5D = 5X150 =750 mm
(3) 450 mm
distribution bar provide 8 @ 250 c/c
33
spacing

Fig. Reinforcement Details in Stairs

34

Design of Flat
Footing
Data:
SBC of soil = 150 KN/m
Reinforcement concrete column size =
150 X 300
Axial service load P = 400 KN
Adopt M20 & Fe415

Step 1: Calculation of Loada) Load on column = 400KN

b) Self wt. of footing = 10% of column
= 400 X
(10/100) = 40 KN
Total load = 440 KN
Factored load Wu = 1.5 X 440 =
660 KN

=Load _____________________
(without factor) =

440
___
150
SBC
of soil
Step 2:
Area
of footing-

= 2.93

35

Assuming square footing,

Size of footing =
2.93
=
2.2
1.45m
1.71 m= 1.5m X 1.5m
Adopt size of footing

Step 3: Net upward pressureFactoredLoad

660
Pnu

293.33KN / m 2
actualAreaofFooting 1.5 X 1.5

Step 4: Bending Moment

calculationMaximum bending moment
will be on the face of column,
M = F X Distance of C.G.
= (area X stress) x (0.65/2)
= 92.95 KNm

Step 5:
d required
d required

Depth of Footing

M
0.138 f ck b

92.95 X 106

410.35mm Adopt 420mm

0.138 X 20 X 200

36

Assume cover = 60mm

Thus, Overall Depth = 420+60 = 480mm

Step 6: Main Steel calculationf ck

Ast 0.5
fy

4.6M u
Bd
1 1
2

f ck Bd

20
4.6 X 92.95 X 106
Ast 0.5
1 1
1500 X 420
2
415
20 X 1500 X 420

Ast 623.18mm 2
Astmin 0.0012 BD
Astmin 0.0012 1500 480 864mm 2
Use, Astmin 864mm 2
Provide 10 @ 100 c/c in each direction at
bottom of footing i.e. 12 nos .

37

Step 7: Check for ShearThe critical; section will be at a distance (d/2)

from column face.

here, Area [ B 2 (b d ) 2 ]
Shear Force = Stress X Area
= 293.33X{ 1.5-[(0.200+0.420) X
(0.300+0.420)] }
= 529.05 KN

V
v
b0 d
Shear stress
529.05
v
1 0.420
v 1260 KN / m 2

v 0.00126 N / mm 2
here, b0 perimetre 2(l b) 2(0.2 0.3) 1m
Permisible shear stress

0.25 f ck
0.25 20
1.11 c

OK SAFE.

38

Fig. Sectional View

Fig. Plan

39

Design for Sun Shade

n order to calculate the load transferred by the sun shade to

he lintel, it is necessary to design the sun shade first.

1. Design of sun shade : Assume that thickness of sun shade

ab to be = 70 mm. Loads per metre run consist of :
) Due to self weight = 0.070 x 10000 = 700 N
i) Live load etc. = 1500 N
ii) Total 2200 N/m

40

Effective depth(d) from stiffness/deflection

consideration:
For a balanced design, percentage
reinforcement is given by

odification factor corresponding to 0.72% reinforcement is

ual to 1.6. Therefore required effective depth of the cantileve
n shade slab from stiffness/deflection consideration is given

Assuming 6 mm main bars, overall depth

Available effective depth

41

stribution reinforcement: Magnitude of minimum reinforceme

distribution reinforcement anywhere in the slab is given by

suming the slab to be tapered to 50 mm at free end. Average

erall depth of slab

c/c spacing of 6 mm bars

owever as per rule c/c spacing of 6 mm main bars will be

stricted to

nd c/c spacing of 6 mm distribution bar

42

Design of Lintel

me the size of the lintel as 200 mm wide x 200 mm deep.

e bearing of the lintel on the end supports = 200 mm
ore, effective span = 1 + 0.20 = 1.2 m
n loads for Lintel:
calculate load due to triangular portion of the brickw
ht of triangle having a base length of 2.5m and base a
each

(Load due to triangular portion of the brickwork.)

Uniformly distributed load (w) for design consist of the

wing:
Bending moment

Required effective depth,

ssuming 6 mm main bars, and clear cover of 20 mm,

43

Available effective depth

Area of steel required

No. of 6 mmdiabars out of 3 bars are bent up near support

Minimum reinforcement: Minimum reinforcement ( As )

required for the lintel is given by the relation

Taking,
Fy
=415

Since, hence SAFE

44

heck for depth from stiffness/deflection consideration:

dification factor corresponding to 0.79% tensile reinforceme

equal to 1.56 Required effective depth of lintel from stiffness
flection considerations

ich is less than 175 mm, hence safe. Adopted depth is O.K.
eck for shear : Shear force (V) will be maximum at the edge o
wall support. Its value is given by

Nominal shear stress

suming 2 Nos. 6 mmbars out of 3 bars are bent up near

pport at -

y 150 mm from supports Area of tensile reinforcement availa

ar support

45

m value of permissible shear stress for M 20 grade of concre

d even 0.25% reinforcement is

which is more than,

d hence no shear reinforcement need be designed. Thus only

nimum shear reinforcement will be provided. Minimum shear
nforcement :
ntre to centre spacing of vertical stirrups to meet the
uirements of minimum shear reinforcement is given by

Using 6mm2 legged vertical stirrups

46

ximum spacing of shear reinforcement: Maximum c/c spacin

stirrups should not exceed least of following values

nce provide 6 mm2 legged stirrups @ 125 mm c/c throughou

e length of the beam. Provided 2- 6mmanchor bars.
eck for development length at supports:
ce 2 6 mmbars are available at supports as tensile
nforcement

47

Since,

Hence OK

48

CONCLUSION
In this report, a design of Multistory
building for residential purpose is
presented. We have successfully
completed the planning and
designing of a multistory (G+2)
structure.
The main key features of project are
as follows:
Plot size = 20m X 10m
Total construction area = 65% of
plot size.
Total no. of 1BHK Flats = 6

49