BESITY

Sachin.S

Introduction

Cau
se

Sign
sym s &
pto
ms

CoMor
bid
it

Trea
tme
nt
i es

OBESITY
Anyone who is more than
20% above the Standard
weight for people of the
ASSESSMENT
OF OBESITY
same
age, sex,
and race
1. Body Mass Index.
must
generally
be
2. Anatomic
difference in
fat deposition.
considered to be at least
overweight.

Types of Obesity:
a. Exogenous obesity
b. Endogenous obesity
Pathologically, the types of obesity are:
a. Hyperplastic type
b. Hypertrophic type

Causes
a. Genetic influences
b. Physiologically
Overeating than caloric requirement
Pregnancy
Postmenopausal women
Use of oral contraceptive pills
c. Metabolic
Diabetes mellitus maturity onset
d. Hypothalamic injuries
e. Endocrine disorders

SYMPTOMS
1. Fatigue on exertion
2. Exertional dyspnoea
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Excessive weight gain in spite of normal or
reduced calorie intake, frequent steroid therapy
and in Cushings disease.
5. Excessive hunger found
SIGNS
1. Pink Striae are commonly seen over
abdomen, thighs, buttocks, particularly the pink
color disappears leaving shiny and white striae.
2. Intertrigo is quite common in the folds below
the breasts and in the inguinal region.
3. Plethora involving the cheeks and neck is not
unusual.
4. Blood pressure is normal. Sometimes
systemic hypertension may be present due to
associated disorders like DM

Co-Morbidities associated with obesity

1. Cardio logical
- IMD
- Congenital Heart Defect
- High Blood Pressure
- Deep vein Thrombosis
- Pulmonary embolism
2. Dermatology
- Striae
- Acanthosis Nigricans
- Cellulitis
- Hirsutism
- Intetrigo

3. Endocrinology and Reproductive System

- Diabetes Mellitus
- Menustrual Disorders
- Infertility
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
4. Gastrointestinal
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Fatty Liver
- Cholelithiasis
5. Neurology
- Stroke
- Dementia
- Meralgia Paresthetica
- Migraines
- Multiple Sclerosis

7. Oncology
- Breast Cancer
- Oesophageal Cancer
- Liver Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
8. Metabolic Syndrome
- Hyperinsulinemia
- Hyperurecemia
- Dyslipidemia
9. Psycology
- Depression
- Social Stigmatization

Treatment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Diet
Physical Exercise
Behavioral Modification & Social Support
Medications
Bariatric Surgery

Harmones of Adipose Tissue and its Role

in Obesity
1. Leptin
2. Adiponectin
Liptin
Leptin is an adipocyte hormone that is
secreted in proportion to the size of fat
stores. When we consume fewer calories
than we need, body fat declines and leptin
production from the fat cell decreases. The
body adapts by minimizing energy
utilization (decreasing activity) and
increasing appetite, closing the feedback
loop that regulates body weight.
Unfortunately, in many individuals,the
leptin system may be better at preventing
weight loss than preventing weight gain.

References
1. Biochemistry for Medics
2. Class notes
3. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry
MN Chatterjea & Rana Shinde
4. Lippincots Biochemistry
5. Wikipedia

TH A N K

You !

EAT TO LIVE.. DONT LIVE TO EAT.. !!!