Sanitation and
Sewerage in the
Philippines
Ben Eijbergen
Infrastructure Sector Coordinator
World Bank Office Manila
Main issues
Recommendations
2
Sector Overview
Sector Overview
Adverse effects:
Health: Spread of disease-causing bacteria &
viruses
Aquatic ecosystem: Decline in fishery production
due to pollution
Aesthetics: Poor quality of water makes water unfit
for recreation
4
Sector Overview
Health
PhP3.3 billion
per year in
avoidable
health cost
Aquatic
ecosyste
m
PhP17 billion
lost due to
degradation of
fisheries
environment
Tourism
Others
Sector Performance
Access to Sanitary Toilets,
2004
Access rates
All families
86%
compare favorably
with neighboring
countries
Upper 70%
93%
income
stratum
Lower 30%
income
stratum
Source: NSO
70%
Sector
Performance
Sewerage Access, Selected Asian Cities,
2001/2002
Only about 4%
of the population
had access to
sewerage in
2000
Outside Metro
Manila, access
to sewerage
network almost
non-existent
Percent
Source: Asian Development Bank. 2004. Water in Asian Cities: Utilities Performance and Society Views. Manila.
Government Institutions
Involved in
Sanitation and Sewerage
DOH
Market Structure of
Water Service Providers
Institutional
fragmentation
At utility level:
proliferation of
provider models
and their small
sizes
At national level:
fragmentation of
oversight
responsibilities
Legend:
CBO = community-based organization
LGU = local government unit
PUs = private operators
SSIP = small-scale independent provider
WDs = local water districts
Level 2 =
Level 3 =
10
Source: C. Ancheta (2000), WPEP: Urban and Sanitation - 3 Years of Experience and Lessons
11
Population
(in million)
Service Coverage
(in million)
Investment
requirement
(in PhP B)
2005
2015
2005
2015
2005
2015
Urban
48.85
(58%)
55.58
(60%)
9.77
(20%)
27.79
(50%)
55.69
158.40
Rural
35.37
(42%)
37.06
(40%)
17.69
(50%)
18.53
(50%)
50.42
52.81
SubTotal
84.22
(100%)
92.64
(100%)
27.46
(33%)
46.32
(50%)
106.11
211.21
3.91
11.12
6.28
6.58
130.09
256.37
Program Support
Total
Notes: Investment requirement was computed based on constant 2002 rates. Support activities were estimated at 13% of the Capital Cost.
Source: ADB, 2001
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Main Issues
Recommendations