DENGUE FEVER

OLEH:
PUTRI SHINTAWATI
P3.73.20.3.13.033
III REGULER B
POLTEKKES KEMENKES JAKARTA III
JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN
TAHUN 2016

DENGUE FEVER, WHAT IS IT?

Dengue fever is a type of arbovirus, which is short
for arthropod-borne virus. The virus that causes
dengue fever is carried by Aedes egypti
mosquitoes, and is transmitted to humans through
their bite. An organism that carries a disease,
without actually developing the disease, is called a
vector.

WHO GETS IT?

The risk for being bitten by a mosquito that is
carrying dengue fever is higher in Africa, Southeast
Asia and China, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle
East, South and Central America, the Caribbean
Islands, Australia, and the South and Central Pacific.
Dengue fever is considered "endemic" to certain
regions, which means it is native to, or naturally
occurring, in these areas. Dengue fever is more likely
to occur during or shortly after the rainy season, when
the mosquito population is larger. It also most
commonly affects children under the age of 10.
Dengue fever is rarely seen in the United States.

WHAT CAUSES IT?

When a mosquito that is carrying dengue fever
bites a person, the virus travels through the body's
glands. Once in the glands, it multiplies and can
enter the bloodstream. Dengue fever is not
contagious, which means one person cannot pass it
directly to another.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

It takes around five to eight days after being bitten by an infected
mosquito for the virus to multiply. Then, symptoms including high
fever, headache, chills, swollen lymph nodes, red eyes and eye
pain, severe joint and muscle pain, flushed face, lower back pain,
and general weakness appear suddenly. These symptoms last for
two to three days. Afterward, the fever drops and the patient
experiences heavy sweats, but feels better for around one day. This
is followed by an increase in temperature, a rash, and a headache.
The rash consists of small red bumps that begin on the arms and
legs, but then spread to the back, abdomen, and chest. The soles
of the feet and palms of the hands also turn red and swell.
Symptoms usually last for up to 10 days, but the patient is weak
and extremely tired for up to a month afterward. In more severe
cases, patients have fever and headache, then develop a cough.

DENGUE PREVENTION
There is no vaccine commercially available for dengue
disease , primary prevention of dengue fever lies in
eliminating or reducing the mosquito vector of dengue .
Dengue is a mosquito eradication activities membrantas eggs
, larvae and pupae in mosquito breeding places .
How dengue mosquito nest eradication is done by " 3M " ,
namely :
1. Drain and brush shelters water , such as : shower / WC ,
drums , etc . ( M1 )
2. Sealed water reservoirs , such as : Air Gentong , jars , etc.
( M2 ) .
3. Bury it or get rid of second-hand goods that can collect
rain water ( M3 ) .

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?

Dengue fever, like other arbovirus infections, must
run its course. Treatment is focused on medications
to lower fever and reduce pain, fluids to prevent
dehydration, and bed rest. Blood transfusions are
given in cases of severe blood loss, and oxygen
must be given to patients with dengue shock
syndrome (DSS). Almost all patients with dengue
fever have a complete recovery. Those with DSS
have a good prognosis if they receive immediate
medical treatment.

SELF-CARE TIPS
There are ways to protect yourself if you are traveling
to a country that is known to have a high population
of dengue fever-carrying mosquitoes. You can avoid
mosquito bites by using a mosquito repellent spray or
lotion on your body and clothes and staying in wellscreened areas. Your sleeping area should have
mosquito netting over the bed. Avoid leaving any
containers of standing water outside where
mosquitoes can breed. See a healthcare professional
immediately if you have been in an area endemic to
dengue fever and you have any illness with fever that
lasts for more than two days.