Finite Element

Analysis
MEEN 5330
Dustin Grant
Kamlesh Borgaonkar
Varsha Maddela
Rupakkumar Patel
Sandeep Yarlagadda

Introduction

What is finite element analysis, FEA?

What is FEA used for?

1D Rod Elements, 2D Trusses

Basic Concepts

Loads

f T Pi

ji , j

~
fi 0

Equilibrium

Boundary conditions

Development of Theory

Rayleigh-Ritz Method
Total

potential energy equation

Galerkins Method

1D Rod Elements
To understand and solve 2D and 3D
problems we must understand basic of 1D
problems.
Analysis of 1D rod elements can be done
using Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkins method
To solve FEA problems same are modified
in the Potential-Energy approach and
Galerkins approach

1D Rod Elements

Loading consists of three types : body

force f , traction force T, point load P i

Body force: distributed force , acting on

every elemental volume of body i.e. self
weight of body.
Traction force: distributed force , acting on
surface of body i.e. frictional resistance,
viscous drag and surface shear
Point load: a force acting on any single
point of element

1D Rod Elements

Element -1

Element-2

1 T e
U e q [k ]q
2

Element strain energy

E e Ae
[k ]
le
e

Element stiffness matrix

Load vectors
Element

body load vector

Element traction-force vector

1 1
1 1

e Ae l e f
f
2

e Tl e
T
2

1

1

1

1

Example 1D Rod Elements

Example 1
Problem statement: (Problem 3.1 from Chandrupatla and Belegundas
book)
Consider the bar in Fig.1, determine the following by hand calculation:
1) Displacement at point P 2) Strain and stress
3) Element stiffness matrix 4) strain energy in element

Given:

E 30 106 psi
Ae 1.2 in 2

q1 0.02in
q2 0.025in

2D Truss

2 DOF

Transformations

Modified Stiffness Matrix

Methods of Solving

2D Truss

Transformation Matrix
Direction

Cosines

l m 0 0
[ L]

0
0
l
m

le

x2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2

x 2 x1
l cos
le
y 2 y1
m sin
le

2D Truss

Element Stiffness Matrix

l2

lm
2

m
E e Ae lm
[k e ]
l e l 2 lm

2
lm m

l2

lm

lm m
l2
lm

lm

Methods of Solving

Elimination Approach
Eliminate

Constraints

Penalty Approach
Will

not discuss Today

Elimination Method

Set defection at the constraint to equal

zero

Elimination Method
Modified Equation
DOFs 1,2,4,7,8 equal to zero

2D Truss

Element Stresses

Ee

l m l m q

le

Element Reaction Forces

R K Q

2D Truss

Development of Tables
Coordinate

Table
Connectivity Table
Direction Cosines Table

2D Truss

Coordinate Table

2D Truss

Connectivity Table

y y1
m sin 2
le

x x1
l cos 2
le
le

x2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2

Direction Cosines Table

2D Truss

Example 2D Truss

MATLAB Program TRUSS2D.M

3D Truss Stiffness Matrix

3D Transformation Matrix
Direction

Cosines

l m n 0 0 0
[ L]

0
0
0
l
m
n

le
l cos

x2 x1 2 y 2 y1 2 z 2 z1 2

x 2 x1
le

m cos

y 2 y1
le

n cos

z 2 z1
le

3D Truss Stiffness Matrix

3D Stiffness Matrix
l2
lm
ln
l 2 lm ln

2
2
lm
m
mn

lm

mn

2
2
mn
n
ln mn n
E e Ae ln
[k e ]

2
l e l 2 lm ln
l
lm
ln
lm m 2 mn lm
m2
mn

2
2
ln
mn
n
ln mn n

Conclusion

Good at Hand Calculations, Powerful

when applied to computers

Only limitations are the computer

limitations

References

Homework