ECNG 3001 Communications II

WELCOME
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ECNG 3001
Communications II
Prerequisites: ECNG 2001 (EE22A)
Communication Systems I
Weighting: 3 credits
Slides and other course material
(tutorials, assignments, additional
notes, etc.) accessible via
http://myelearning.sta.uwi.edu/

ASSESSMENT

Component
Project
Final exam

Schedule
Assignment:
Due:
TBA

Weight
05 Sept
31 Oct

30%
70%

Semester Schedule
Lecturers

5.1)
Tutorials

Thursdays 10:10 12:00 (Rm 7)

Fridays 10:10 11:00 (Rm
Thursdays 12:00 1:00 (Rm 7)

Teaching Starts

September 2, 2008

Teaching Ends

November 28, 2008

Exams

December 1-19, 2008

Teaching Staf

Course lecturer: Kim I. Mallalieu

Phone: 662-2002 ext 2167
email: kim.mallalieu@sta.uwi.edu
Lecturer office hours: Fridays 12:00 1:00 (HOD
office)

Course tutor: Mark Lessey

Email: mark.lessey@sta.uwi.edu
Tutorial schedule: Thursdays 12:00 1:00 (Room 7)
Tutor office hours: Tuesdays 12:00 1:00 (Room
335)
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Reading Resources
REQUIRED
Fundamentals of Communication
Systems by John Proakis and Masoud
Salehi. Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005. ISBN 013-147135-X
RECOMMENDED
Digital and Analog Communication
Systems 7th Edition, by Leon W. Couch, II.
Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005. ISBN 0-13142492-0
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SUPPLEMENTARY
Resources

Data and Computer Communications 7th Edition by W.

Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN 0-13-100681-9
Wireless Communications and Networks 2nd Edition by W.
Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2005, ISBN 0-13-191835-4
Electronic Communications 4th. Edition, by Dennis Roddy and
John Coolen, Prentice Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-312083-X
Information Transmission, Modulation and Noise 4th. Edition
by Mischa Schwartz, McGraw-Hill, 1990, ISBN 0-07-055909-0
Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems 2nd.
Edition by B.P. Lathi, Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-19510500-1
Telecommunications Engineering 3rd. Edition by J. Dunlop and
D.G. Smith, CRC Press, 1994, ISBN 0-74-874044-9

Course Learning
Outcomes
Upon successful completion of ECNG 3001, students will
be able to:
1. Express quantitatively the information content of a
source and describe the implications on coding
2. Determine performance metrics for physical channels
and discuss factors which influence these parameters
3. Analyze the performance of source coding techniques
as well as baseband and modulated schemes in
digital communication systems
4. Demonstrate the design of a digital communications
link for analogue as well as digital inputs

Course Topics
Introduction
The Information Source
Source Coding
The Channel
Digital Transmission Digital Baseband
Digital Transmission - Digital Modulation
Digital Reception
Systems Analysis and Design
Review
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ECNG 2001 Quick

Review
Analog communication systems
Communication system consists of 3
basic parts: source/transmitter,
channel, receiver
Performance Analysis
Efect of Noise
Investigation of various technologies and
signal processing techniques used in the
3 basic parts of the system
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ECNG 2001 Review

Continued
Basic Diagrammatic Representation

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Elements of a comms system

(1)
Source
Originates message to be transmitted

Input Transducer
Converts non-electrical message into
electrical form (digital baseband data
or analog baseband signal)

Transmitter
Modifies baseband data / signal for
efficient transmission
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Elements of a comms system

(2)

Transmission medium
The physical channel over which the modified baseband
signal is sent e.g. optical fiber, coaxial cable, air, etc.

Receiver
Reconstructs original baseband signal (processes signal
received from physical transmission channel for input to
output transducer)

Output transducer
Converts electrical signal back to an appropriate output
(message) form

Destination
Accepts reconstructed message as its input
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Communications

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Communications

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Familiar Bits and Pieces

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Analog vs Digital

Analog
Varies smoothly over time
Varies over a continuous range
of values
Can take an infinite range of
values
Examples: sound, video

Digital
Discrete number of values
Defined for discrete time
intervals
Examples: text, integers

t
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Analog vs Digital
Systems

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Analog system

Transfers signals using analog techniques, i.e., every time instant of

the baseband signal is considered

Digital signals and analog signals are treated the same way through
an analog system

Digital system

Transfers signals using digital techniques, i.e., it makes decisions

based on a finite set of distinct symbols/waveforms

Analog baseband signals are first encoded into digital signals before
being sent through the digital system

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Analog and Digital Signals

Signals are electric or electromagnetic representations
of data
the means by which data are propagated
Analog signals
Usually carry analog data,
but can carry digital data (via a modem)
Digital signals
Usually carry digital data,
but can carry analog data (e.g. CD audio)

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Analog Signals carrying

Analog and Digital Data

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Digital Signals carrying

Analog and Digital Data

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Advantages of Digital communication

(1)

Higher noise immunity

Transmitted Signal
Received distorted
signal (without
noise)
Received distorted
signal (with noise)
Regenerated signal
(delayed)
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Advantages of Digital communication

(2)
Viability of regenerative repeaters (data integrity)
Permits longer distances over lower quality lines

Digital repeaters

Analog repeaters

Accurate reproduction required

Discrete levels reproduced

Noise cumulative and amplified

Noise not amplified

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Advantages of Digital communication

(3)
Digital technology
Low cost LSI/VLSI technology

Capacity utilization
High degree of multiplexing required for efficient use of
high bandwidth links
This is easier and cheaper with digital techniques

Security and Privacy

Encryption and authentication

Integration
Can easily integrate analog and digital data

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Binary representation of
information types Block-oriented
information

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Binary representation of information

types Stream-oriented information
(1)

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Binary representation of information

types Stream-oriented information
(2)

Quarter Common Intermediate Format

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Example 1

A scanner has a resolution of 800 x 600 pixels per square

inch.
How many bits are produced by an 8 inch x 10 inch image
if scanning uses 8 bits per pixel?
How long would it take to download the scanned image
over:
(a) a 32 kbps modem? (Assume no data compression)
(b) a 1Mbps modem? (Assume no data compression)

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Example 2

Suppose a computer monitor has a screen resolution of 1200

x 800 pixels.

How many bits are required if each pixel

uses 256 colours?
65536 colours?
How does this compare with greyscale
configurations? Black
and white configurations?
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Digital Comms System

Model
Transmitter

Receiver

Digital Comm Sys

Overview
At the highest level, same basic
elements as analog comms systems
Source/Transmitter, Channel, Receiver

However, signal processing

requirements and techniques
diferent

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Network Requirements
Communication networks are driven by the
applications that they support
must be designed to accommodate the requirements
imposed by the information types used in the
applications

Information source types include:

Text, speech, audio, data, images, video

Considerations:
Properties of these information types (source
characteristics)
The requirements that the digital representation of
these information types impose on the network

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Network requirements of diferent

information types

(Accuracy)

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Network requirements of diferent

information types

(Accuracy)

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