Analysis.
Loads and Load Combinations considered.
Modeling in STAAD Pro and Results.
Design of Plate Girder and components using IS
800.
for
Highway, L stands for Loading, and was proposed in the year 1993.)
Components of HL -93 loading are :-
(unless otherwise specified) which represents the random traffic and heaviest
truck to cross the bridge in its 75-year life time. During this live-load event, a
significant wind is not considered probable.
Load Combination :- Strength I-- 1.25DC + 1.5DW + 1.75(LL+IM)
DESIGN TRUCK
CONTD.
Design Tandem : The design tandem consists of a pair of 25-kip axles spaced at 4.0 ft apart.
Unless otherwise specified, the extreme force effect shall be taken as the larger of
(a) The effect of design tandem combined with the effect of design lane
load of 0.64 kip/ft
(b) The effect of one design truck with the variable axle spacing as per
Article 3.6.1.2.2
For negative moment between points of contraflexure under a uniform load on all
spans, and reaction at interior piers, 90% of the effect of two trucks spaced at a
min. distance of 50ft between the lead axle of one truck and the rear axle of
another truck, along with 90% of lane load. The distance between 32-kip axles
shall be taken as 14.0 ft. The two trucks shall be placed in adjacent spans to produce
extreme force effect.
CONTD.
(2) DW : Dead load due to the wearing surfaces
(3) LL : Lane Loading of 0.64 kip/ft distributed uniformly
(4) IM : Dynamic load allowance due to perturbations, depressions, potholes, unevenness in the
surface etc (For Strength 1 limit state condition, 33% allowance is prescribed by AASHTO)
ANALYSIS
Table: Showing the absolute max. BM and Shear for Load cases
Bending moments KN/m
Shear forces - KN
STAAD RESULTS
STAAD results for some cases are shown:
ST = Single truck
LR = Left to Right
9.3 = Axle Spacing
BM=Bending Moment
Bending Moment for ST_LR_9.3_BM
ST = Single truck
LR = Left to Right
9.3 = Axle Spacing
SF=Shear Force
ST_LR_9.3_SF
DT = Single truck
LR = Left to Right
4.3 = Axle Spacing
BM=Bending Moment
DT_LR_4.3_BM
DT = Double truck
LR = Left to Right
4.3 = Axle Spacing
SF=Shear Force
DT_LR_4.3_SF
Plate Girder and its components were designed using Simple Post
critical method.
And checked for strength and serviceability criteria.
Loads are given below:
Factored dead load = 1.25(DC)+1.5(DW)
Live Load = 1.5( Vehicle Load)
Factored Bending Moment from analysis = 2270 KN-m
Factored Shear force from analysis = 1100 KN.
STEPS INVOLVED IN DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS : Estimate the dead load, live load, moving loads on the girder. From the strength 1
requirements, find out the load combination. Extract the demands for maximum
shear force and maximum bending moment in the plate girder
Calculate the optimum thickness and depth of the web. Check the web thickness
as per Cl. 8.6.1.1 and 8.6.1.2 of IS 800: 2007 and adopt a suitable thickness of
web
Select suitable flange plate thickness and width (approx. 0.3 times the depth of
web). Check for satisfying the requirements of section classification (as per Table
2 of IS 800: 2007)
Check for moment capacity. In the following case, it is assumed that the girder is
laterally restrained, so that the lateral torsional buckling is eliminated, and will
not govern the design.
Check for the shear resistance of the web. IS 800: 2007 suggested the use of
either Simple post critical method (Cl. 8.4.2.2 (a)) or the use of Tension Field
Action (Cl. 8.4.2.2 (b))
Design of the connection between flange plate and web plate
Design of the bearing stiffeners and their connections
Design of load carrying stiffeners and their connections, if required
Design of intermediate stiffeners and their connections, if required
Design of web and flange splices