Geometry & Measurement: Sat/Gre/Gmat

GEOMETRY &
MEASUREMENT
SAT/GRE/GMAT
CHECKPOINT REVIEW # 4
EXERCISE 1, Page104.
A by-the-hour car rental company charges
p dollars for the first hour of a rental and
charges for any additional hours at the rate
of q dollars an hour. If a certain rental costs
$495 and lasts more than one hour, which
of the following expressions represents the
length of the rental, in hours?
CHOOSING NUMBERS
Let p = $95 and q = $200.
This means that the Total Cost ( $495 ),
covers:
The first hour ( $95 )
And 2 more hours ( $495 )
A TOTAL OF 3 HOURS.
Plug in.
C) ( 495 95 + 200 ) / 200 = 3
ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
Let p = charge for the first hour.
Let q = charge per additional hour.
Let h = number of hours.
Total cost = $495.
495 = p + ( h 1 ) q
Isolate h:
h = ( 495 p + q ) / q
EXERCISE 1, Page 104.
CATEGORY:
Word problem.
STRATEGY:
Write an equation and solve or Choose
numbers.
If f(x) = 3x + 5, and 3 < x < 5, then f(x)
CANNOT equal which of the following?
a) 15
b) 17
c) 18
d) 19
e) 22
CATEGORY:
Evaluating functions.
STRATEGY:
Find the range of the function using the
largest and smallest values in the domains.
The figure above shows the graph of a
quadratic function, f. For what values of X
is f(x) > 0?
a) All values of x
b) X > 0
c) X < 0 and x >2
d) 0 < X < 2
e) X <0
CATEGORY:
Functions and their graphs, Linear and
quadratic functions.
STRATEGY:
Identify visually. The graph must be above
the x axis.
For all numbers x and y where x + y 0,
let
If
what is the value of s?
Lets replace.
Solve the equation:
Then s = 6 / 7.
CATEGORY:
SAT functions.
STRATEGY:
Substitute 6 for x and s for y, then cross
multiply.
REFERENCE INFORMATION
Page 106
Do your best to memorize the formulas and
rules given below, they are always at the

very beginning of every math section.
REFERENCE INFORMATION
Page 106
VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA.
S
S
CUBE:
RECTANGULAR BOX:
W
h
l
CYLINDER:
h
REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

It Together
A rectangular solid has two faces the same
size and shape as figure I below, and two
faces the same as figure II below. What is
the volume of the rectangular solid?
4
a) 114
b) 120
c) 133
d) 216
e) 864
9
6
II

It Together
What we are given.
4
9
4
II
W
A rectangular box has 6 faces.
h
l
We have enough info to refer to 4 out of 6 faces.

Volume = w*h*l = 4*6*9 = 216.

It Together
One dimension of the cube below is to be
increased to create a new rectangular
box with a volume that is 10 cubic feet
greater than the volume of the original
cube. By how many feet must the one
dimension be increased to create the new
rectangular box?
2ft
2 ft
2 ft

It Together
One dimension of the cube below is to be
increased to create a new rectangular box
with a volume that is 10 cubic feet greater
than the volume of the original cube. By
how many feet must the one dimension be
increased to create the new rectangular
box?

It Together
ORIGINAL VOLUME.
V0 = 2*2*2 = 8
2ft
2 ft
2 ft
NEW VOLUME ( NEW FIGURE ).

V1 = 8 + 10 = 18
The ORIGINAL VOLUME increases in 10, so..
Vo = 2 * 2 * 2
V1 = 2 * 2 * ( 2 + x )
Equal both equations and solve:

2 * 2 * ( 2 + x ) = 18
Then x = 10 / 4
or 2.5.
GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Figures Not

Drawn to Scale and Guesstimation
Be wary of answer choices suggested by a
figure that is not drawn to scale. Redraw it to

scale using given information.
If necessary, use GUESSTIMATION to narrow
down the answer choices on problems with
figures drawn to scale. Use a rule or anything
that could work just the same.
In
the
figure
below,
if
B
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
X, what is the length of
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
4
C
PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES:
Memorize
PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES:
Exercise
Let
What is the value of q?

a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 12
e) 14

Be wary of answer choices suggested by a
figure that is not drawn to scale. Redraw it to

scale using given information.
If necessary, use GUESSTIMATION to narrow
down the answer choices on problems with
figures drawn to scale. Use a rule or anything
that could work just the same.
In
the
figure
below,
if
B
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
X, what is the length of
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
4
C

Draw 90 and 45 angles to help you
guesstimate angle measures.
Know the following approximations to help
you gueestimate lengths:
GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

Together
Use GUESSTIMATION to answer questions 1
& 2.
In the figure below, a triangle is inscribed in
a rectangle. What is the value of u + v + x
+y?
a) 90
b) 150
c) 220
d) 320
e) 360

Together
According to the triangle, if we add the
angles, the result must 180o.

Together

Together
The four circles below have equal areas and
are tangent at 5 points as shown. If a
radius of one of the circles is 4, what is the
distance AB between the centers of the top
and bottom circles?
a) 16
b)
c) 12
d)
e)

Together

Together
EXERCISE 3 Page 109.
In the figure below, if AB = AC = 2BC, which of
the following must be true?
y is the smallest angle.
II. y > z
III. x = y
I.
I only.
b) II only.
c) III only.
d) I & II.
e) I, II & III.
a)

Together
According to the expression: AB = AC =
2BC, BCs length is the smallest.

The opposite angle is the smallest angle.
yo is the smallest angle.
ANGLES
MEMORIZE the following properties for
angles:
ANGLES
MEMORIZE the following properties for
angles:
ANGLES: In Conclusion
ACUTE angles measure < 90.
OBTUSE angles measure > 90.
CONGRUENT angles have the same angle
measure.
TWO COMPLEMENTARY angles sum to
90.
TWO SUPPLEMENTARY angles sum to
180.
ANGLES: Put It Together

EXERCISE 1, Page 111
In the figure above, AB is a line segment, and y = 2x .
What is the value of y?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
45
58
68
72
84

In the figure above whats the value of t in terms of
x and y ?
a) 180 x y
b) 180 + x y
c) 180 x 2y
d) 360 x y
e) 360 2x 2y

In the figure above, what is the value of r + s + t + u ?

a) 920
b) 1080
c) 1260
d) 1440
e) 1800
What is the sum of the angles in the
quadrilateral? _______
What is the sum of the angles in 1 circle?
____________
What is the sum of the four angles
(circles )? ________
r + s + t + u = ____________________
PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

LINES
When 2 parallel lines are cut by a third, the
larger angles are equal and the smaller

angles are equal, their sum equals 180.
When a problem contains parallel lines,
look for equal angles and calculate the
angle measures.
If
l ll m, and one angle is given as shown,

label all unmarked angles in the figure below.

LINES
A
LINE TANGENT TO A CIRCLE is

perpendicular to the radius, at the point
where the line meets the circle.

LINES: Put It Together
In the figure above, parallel lines I1 and I2 are
intersected by I3. What is the value of a + b ?

90
b) 110
c) 120
d) 180
e) It cannot be determined from the information given.
a)

In
the figure above, if ABCD is

parallelogram, what is the value of x?
a) 130
b) 200
c) 225
d) 230
e) 250

In the figure above,
is tangent at point D to a
circle centered at A, If x = 30, what is the value of y?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
40
45
50
55
60

In the figure above, a + c equals which of the
following?
e+f
II. 180 b
III. 360 g d
I.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
I only
II only
I and II
II and III
I, II, and III
EQUILATERAL & ISOSCELES

TRIANGLES
In an ISOSCELES TRIANGLE, two sides
are equal, and the two angles opposite

those sides are equal.
The straight line that bisects the vertex
angle of an isosceles triangle is the
perpendicular bisector of the base.
In an EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE, all three
sides are equal, and each of the angles is
60.
EQUILATERAL
&
ISOSCELES
TRIANGLES: Put It Together
In the figure above, BD BC. What is the
value of y?
EQUILATERAL
&
ISOSCELES
170 + B = 180.
B = 10.
BD BC
or BD = BC, 2 sides are alike.

Triangle: B + Y + Y = 180 .
2Y = 170.
Y = 85.
EQUILATERAL
&
ISOSCELES
In the figure above, ABDE is a square and
BCD is equilateral. If the perimeter of

BCD is 9, what is the length of diagonal
BE?
EQUILATERAL
&
ISOSCELES
In the figure above, AB BC and
.
If AB = x, and the perimeter of ABC is
8x / 3, what is the length of AD in terms
of x?
EQUILATERAL
&
ISOSCELES
AB = x.
AB = BC.
Perimeter = 8x / 3
x + x + AC = 8x / 3
AC = 2x / 3
BD bisects AC = AD.
AD = ( 2x / 3 ) ( 1 / 2 )
SPECIAL TRIANGLE RULES

ANGLE SIDE RELATIONSHIP: In any triangle,
the side opposite the largest angle is the longest

side. The side opposite the smallest angle is the
shortest side.
Which side of ABC is the longest? ______________

Which side of ABC is the shortest? ______________
SPECIAL TRIANGLE RULES

TRIANGLE
INEQUALITY LAW: In any

triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two
sides of a triangle is always greater than
the length of the third side. Put another
way, the shortest distance between two
points is a straight line. Always remember
this law when asked to determine the
length of the third side of a triangle.
SPECIAL TRIANGLE RULES: Put

It Together
In the figure above, AB > BC. Which of the following must be
true?
I.
II.
III.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Z > 60
Y = 60
Y < 60
None
I only
II only
I and II only
I and III only

It Together
If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are
6 and 8, what is the largest possible
length of the third side, assuming its
length is an integer?

It Together
What is the largest possible length of
the third side, assuming its length is an

integer?
13.
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
SIMILAR TRIANGLES have corresponding angles
that are equal and corresponding sides that are

proportional. Similar triangles have the same
shape but not necessarily the same size.
If the 2 triangles above are similar, what proportion
will allow you to find the value of S? ____________

What is true about the values of x and u? y and v?
___________________________
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
In the figure below, are triangles ABD and
ECD similar? Why or why not?

_____________________________________
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
Put
It
In the figure above,
. If AB = 8, AE
= 3, and EC = 9, what is the length of DE?
a)
b) 5
c) 6
d)
e) 8
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
Proportion 1: DE / BA.
Proportion 2: EC / AC.
Solve: DE / BA = EC / AC
x / 8 = 9 / 12
x = 6.
Put
It
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
Put
It
In the figure above D and E lie on
respectively, and
. If BC = 6
and
, what is the length of
?
a) 1.5
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5
e) 7
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
PROPORTION 1: DE / BC.
PROPORTION 2: AD / AB.
AB is unknown. Let AB = x.
SOLVE: DE / BC = AD / AB.
Put
It
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
Put
It
PROPORTION 1: DE / BC.
PROPORTION 2: AD / AB.
Choose numbers, say AB = _____.
If AB = 15, then DB = (2/3)AB equals ________.
When AB = 15, DB = 10, then by difference AD =
_____.
Then
SIMILAR
Together
TRIANGLES:
Put
It
RIGHT TRIANGLES
The HYPOTHENUSE is the longest side of
a right triangle.
The two non-right angles sum to 90.
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM: c2 = a2 + b2.
RIGHT TRIANGLES: Put It

Together
x
y
In the figure above, two right triangles
share a common side. What is the length of

AB?
a) 10
e)
b) 8
c) 6
d)

Together
x
102=36 + x2
X = 8
64 = AB2 +36
AB2 = 28

Together
In the figure above, two right triangles
share a common side. If AB = 5, BD = 12,

and CD =
, what is the length of
a) 14
b)
e)
c) 13
d)

Together
AD2 = 25 + 144
AD = 13.
AC2 = CD2 +AD2.
AC2 = 27 + 169 = 196.
SPECIAL RIGHT
TRIANGLES
Use the PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM only
when necessary. Use special right triangles

instead.
MEMORIZE:
A 45 45 90 RIGHT TRIANGLE is an
ISOSCELES right triangle whose sides are
in the ratio of 1: 1:
.
A 30 60 90 RIGHT TRIANGLE is a right
triangle whose sides are in the ratio of 1:
:2. A 30 60 90 right triangle is half
of an equilateral triangle.
SPECIAL
TRIANGLES
RIGHT
A 3 4 5 RIGHT TRIANGLE is a triangle whose sides are
in the ratio 3: 4: 5. A triangle with sides of length 6, 8, and

10 is also a 3 4 5 right triangle, since the ratios are
equivalent.
Label the lengths of the missing sides of the triangles below.
The
diagonal of a square cuts the square into two

___________.
Give lengths for two other 3 4 5 right triangles.
___________________________
SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES: Put

It Together
In the figure above, circle O has a radius of 1 and
AB = CD =
110
b) 125
c) 180
d) 240
e) 250
a)
. What is the value of x + y ?
SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES: Put

It Together
In the figure above, O is the center of the
circle. What is the area of AOB?

4
2
If the sum of an integer and 2 / 3 of the
next consecutive integer is 14, what is
the sum of the two consecutive
integers?
a) 8
b) 9
c) 17
d) 18
e) 19

1
In the figure above, what is the value of g +h
+i+ j + k + l + m +n ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
180
270
360
450
540
If f ( a ) = 3a3 3, what is the value of f
( 2 )?
In the figure above, if x < y < z, then which of
the following is true?
BC > AC
II. BC < AC
III. AB + BC > AC
I.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
I only
II only
I and II
II and III
None of the above
PERIMETER & AREA SQUARES,

RECTANGLES, TRIANGLES
To
save valuable time, memorize area,

circumference and volume formulas. They are
always at the beginning of every math section.
SQUARE
RECTANGLE
TRIANGLE
PERIMETER & AREA

SQUARES, RECTANGLES,
In the figure above, square ABDE has an
area of 36 and the length of AB is half as

long as BC. What is the area of BCD?
a) 18
b) 24
c) 28
d) 32
e) 36
PERIMETER & AREA

E

F
What is the area of the figure above?

a) 20
b) 24
c) 30
d) 32
e) 38
PERIMETER & AREA

In the figure above, OP = 7, MP = 4, and
the area of MNO is 20. What is the length

of PN?
PERIMETER
CIRCLES
&
AREA
CIRCLE:
What is the longest segment joining any two points on a
circle?
PERIMETER
CIRCLES
&
AREA
Most difficult area and perimeter questions
will ask about irregular shapes or some

combination of figures. Look to divide the
figure into more recognizable shapes ( i.e.,
squares, rectangles, triangles ).
PERIMETER
CIRCLES
&
AREA
The area of a part of the circle is a fraction
of the total area. Similarly, the length of an

arc is a fraction of the circumference of the
circle. In both cases, the fraction is
determined by the central angle.
PERIMETER & AREA CIRCLES:

Put It Together
In the figure above, a circle with area 25 is
inscribed in a square. What is the perimeter of

the square?
20
b) 35
c) 40
d) 50
e) 100
a)

Put It Together
In the figure above, eight identical semi-circles are
drawn about a square with area 16. What is the total

area of the shaded regions?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
64
16
8
4
2

Put It Together
In the figure above, the quarter circle with center D
sits in the corner of rectangle ABCD. If AB = 4, BC =

10, and E is the midpoint of CD, what is the area of
the shaded region?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
28
28
40
40
40
2
4

Put It Together
In the figure above, AB = BC. If the area of
the circle with the center B is 18, the

perimeter of the shaded figure is

Put It Together
COORDINATE GEOMETRY BASICS

Every point in the coordinate plane can be
represented by a pair of coordinates ( x,

y ).
Know the sign of the x and y coordinates in
each quadrant. In Quadrant I, for
example, x is always positive.
Points on the x axis have a y
coordinate of 0. Points on the y axis
have an x coordinate of 0.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY BASICS

Determine the sign of x and y in each of
the quadrants.
Quadrant 2: ________
Find the coordinates of points A E .
A: __________
B: __________
C: __________
D: __________
E: __________
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
BASICS: Put It Together

In the figure above, PQ passes through the
origin and OP OQ.

What are the
coordinates of point Q?
a) ( b, a )
b) ( - a , b )
( - b, - a )
d) ( - a, - b )
e) ( a, - b )
c)
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
Points A & B lie on the y axis. If C is a point,
not shown, equidistant from A and B, then C

could be which of the following?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
(
(
(
(
(
1, 1 )
2, 0 )
10, -10 )
5, - 5 )
3, 4 )
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
<5
<2
In the rectangular coordinate system above, C
has coordinates ( a, b ). If a < 5 and b < 2,

which of the following points could have
coordinates ( 5, 2 ) ?
A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
a)
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
MIDPOINT & DISTANCE
The MIDPOINT of a segment is given by:
The DISTANCE between two points is given by:

The set of points that are all the same distance from
a single point constitutes a ____________.

Easier distance questions will ask about horizontal
or vertical distances. The horizontal distance is the
positive difference between the x coordinates.
The vertical distance between points is the positive
difference between y coordinates.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY MIDPOINT

& DISTANCE: Put It Together
The midpoint of a line segment has
coordinates ( h, 4 ). If ( 7, 4 ) and ( 1, 4 )
are the coordinates of the two endpoints,
what is the value of h?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY MIDPOINT

& DISTANCE: Put It Together
If the circle above has center O at the origin and has a
radius of 8, which of the following points lies in the

interior of the circle?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
(
(
(
(
(
8, 0 )
7, 5 )
7, 4 )
7, - 6 )
-7, - 2 )
COORDINATE GEOMETRY SLOPE

The SLOPE of a line is given by:
Lines
that go up to the right have

positive slope. Lines that go up to the
left have a negative slope.
Parallel lines ( with each other), have
the same slope. For a constant, the slope
= 0.
Perpendicular lines have slopes that are
negative reciprocals of each other.
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
SLOPE: Put It Together
What is the slope of AB for the given
figure?
a) - 3 / 2
b) - 2 / 3
c) 2 / 3
d) 4 / 3
e) 3 / 2
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY

In the figure above, AB is parallel to the y
axis, and BC is parallel to the x axis.

What is the slope of AC?
COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
In the figure above,if line L has a y intercept
( 0, 3 ) and an x intercept of ( 2, 0 ), what is

the slope of line m?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
-3/2
-2/3
0
2/3
3/2
It is easy to hate and it is

difficult to love. This is how
the whole scheme of things
works. All good things are
difficult to achieve; and bad
things are very easy to get
- Confucious-

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GEOMETRY &

largest and smallest values in the domains.

Solve the equation:

rules given below, they are always at the

REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

We have enough info to refer to 4 out of 6 faces.

REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

REFERENCE INFORMATION : Put

NEW VOLUME ( NEW FIGURE ).

Equal both equations and solve:

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Figures Not

figure that is not drawn to scale. Redraw it to

What is the value of q?

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Figures Not

figure that is not drawn to scale. Redraw it to

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Figures Not

guesstimate angle measures.

Know the following approximations to help

you gueestimate lengths:

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

angles, the result must 180o.

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

GEOMETRY STRATEGIES: Put It

According to the expression: AB = AC =

2BC, BCs length is the smallest.

ANGLES: Put It Together

In the figure above, AB is a line segment, and y = 2x .

What is the value of y?

ANGLES: Put It Together

In the figure above whats the value of t in terms of

ANGLES: Put It Together

In the figure above, what is the value of r + s + t + u ?

ANGLES: Put It Together

What is the sum of the angles in the

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

larger angles are equal and the smaller

l ll m, and one angle is given as shown,

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

LINE TANGENT TO A CIRCLE is

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

In the figure above, parallel lines I1 and I2 are

intersected by I3. What is the value of a + b ?

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

the figure above, if ABCD is

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

In the figure above,

PARALLEL & PERPENDICULAR

EQUILATERAL & ISOSCELES

are equal, and the two angles opposite

In the figure above, BD BC. What is the

or BD = BC, 2 sides are alike.

In the figure above, ABDE is a square and

BCD is equilateral. If the perimeter of

In the figure above, AB BC and

SPECIAL TRIANGLE RULES

the side opposite the largest angle is the longest

Which side of ABC is the longest? ______________